You are here » home › search results › Vipera ammodytes

Vipera ammodytes (LINNAEUS, 1758)

IUCN Red List - Vipera ammodytes - Least Concern, LC
iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Vipera ammodytes?

Add your own observation of
Vipera ammodytes »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaViperidae, Viperinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesVipera ammodytes ammodytes LINNAEUS 1758
Vipera ammodytes buchholzi CATTANEO 2021
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis BOULENGER 1903
Vipera ammodytes montandoni BOULENGER 1904 
Common NamesE: Nose-horned Viper, Sand Viper
G: Europäische Hornotter, Europäische Sandotter
Croatian: poskok
Italian: vipera dal corno 
SynonymColuber Ammodytes LINNAEUS 1758: 216
Vipera ammodytes — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1414
Vipera aspis balcanica BURESCH & ZONKOV 1934
Vipera aspis balcanica — WELCH 1994: 119
Vipera ammodytes — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 390
Vipera (Vipera) ammodytes — VENCHI & SINDACO 2006
Vipera ammodytes — WALLACH et al. 2014: 772

Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (LINNAEUS 1758)
Coluber Ammodytes LINNAEUS 1758: 216
Vipera ammodytes ruffoi BRUNO 1968
Vipera ammodytes gregorwallneri SOCHUREK 1974
Vipera (Rhinaspis) ammodytes ruffoi — OBST 1983
Vipera (Rhinaspis) ammodytes ammodytes — OBST 1983
Vipera (Rhinaspis) ammodytes gregorwallneri — OBST 1984
Vipera ammodytes gregorwallneri — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Vipera ammodytes ruffoi — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Vipera ammodytes ammodytes — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Vipera ammodytes ammodytes — WELCH 1994: 119
Vipera ammodytes ammodytes — SCHWEIGER 2009

Vipera ammodytes buchholzi CATTANEO 2021

Vipera ammodytes meridionalis BOULENGER 1903
Vipera ammodytes var. meridionalis BOULENGER 1903: 186
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis — DIESENER 1979
Vipera (Rhinaspis) ammodytes meridionalis — OBST 1984
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis — MEYER 1985
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis — WELCH 1994: 119
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis — STOEV 2000
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis — SCHWEIGER 2009
Vipera ammodytes meridionalis — KWET & TRAPP 2014

Vipera ammodytes montandoni BOULENGER 1904
Vipera ammodytes var. Montandoni BOULENGER 1904: 134
Vipera ammodytes montandoni — DIESENER 1979
Vipera (Rhinaspis) ammodytes montandoni — OBST 1983
Vipera ammodytes montandoni — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Vipera ammodytes montandoni — SCHLÜTER 2003
Vipera ammodytes montandoni — SCHWEIGER 2009
Vipera ammodytes montandoni — KWET & TRAPP 2014 
DistributionAustria (Kärnten, Südsteiermark), N Italy, Croatia (including some adriatic islands), Slovenia, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece (incl. Paros, Antiparos, Strongylo, Andros), Republic of Georgia, Azerbaijan

ammodytes: Italy, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania; Type locality: “Oriente”

balcanica (invalid): SE Bosnia, S Bulgaria

buchholzi: Greece (Paros, Antiparos); Type locality: “isola egea di Antiparos, località Panagia, 8 m s.l.m. 37°01’32’’N, 25°04’34’’E, Cicladi centrali, Grecia”

meridionalis: Greece (incl. Corfu = Corfou, Paros, Tinos) (fide Cattaneo 2021, but see comment)

montandoni: Turkey, E Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Albania, Greece (fide Cattaneo 2021); Type locality: “Greci, Distretto di Macin, Dobrudscha, Romania” (fide Cattaneo 2021, restricted by MERTENS & MÜLLER, 1928).  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: UUZM (= ZMUU) 95.
Holotype: ZFMK; Paratypes: (n=31) MCZRVR VA/AP10/4 C.C. (allotype), female, same information as holotype except date (May 11, 1982); 4 males from Paros, MCZRVR VA/PR13/1-4 C.C., A. Vesci and A. Cattaneo, May 1991; 15 males and 11 females, from Antiparos, MCZRVR VA/AP10/2, 3, 5-28 C.C., A. Vesci et A. Cattaneo , May 1982. MCZR (= Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma); MCZRVR Reference Number: VA/AP10/1 C.C; Collected by: A. Vesci; Collection Date: (leg.) May 8, 1982[buchholzi]
Syntypes: BMNH ii.5.2a-b (Mediterranean); BMNH ii.5.2c (Delos); BMNH 1864.8.23.87 (Lebanon); BMNH 1892.9.19.23 (near Farsos, N. Morea); BMNH 1892.11.19.10-11 (Xenochori, N. Euboia); BMNH 1898.3.30.27 (Athens); BMNH 1898.3.30.28 (Mykonos); BMNH 1898.3.30.29 [meridionalis]
Syntypes: BMNH 1901.11.26.11; BMNH 1901.11.26.12; BMNH 1903.6.29.6-8; and BMNH 1904.7.25.28-29 (7) [montandoni] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (ammodytes): Cattaneo 2021: 122 (in Italian)


Additional details (1015 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Subspecies: Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana is considered as species by several authors (like JOGER in prep., Nilson et al. in press), but not by others (e.g. BARAN 1998; U. Joger, pers. comm.). It is included here as valid species. Most authors don’t seem to recognize V. a. gregorwallneri and synonymize it with V. a. ammodytes (e.g. GOLAY et al. 1993). URSENBACHER et al. (2008) synonymized gregorwallneri and ruffoi with ammodytes. The validity of V. a. montandoni was questioned recently based of on morphological characters (Christov & Beshkov 1999, Tomović & Džukić 2003). Garrigues et al. (2005) found that V. a. montandoni is phylogenetically closely related to V. a. meridionalis, thus these authors proposed to regarded the former as a synonym of V. a. meridionalis. However, Tomović (2006) reconfirm the validity of V. a. montandoni, based on morphometric analysis of five mersitic and qualitative characters on 922 specimens.

Type genus: Rhinaspis is the type genus of the subfamily Rhinaspinae REUSS 1933.

Distribution data still reflecting inclusion of V. transcaucasiana. V. a. ammodytes hybridized with V. aspis atra in captivity (FAORO 1986), with V. aspis zinnikeri (OBERMAYER 1967), and with V. aspis aspis (SCHWEIZER 1941). Has been erroneously reported from S Czechoslovakia (but doesn’t occur there fide Hegner, pers. comm.). Reports from Hungary may be based on historical reports when parts of Romania belonged to Hungary (and may therefore represent records from Romania). Not in Armenia fide Jeff Ettling (pers. comm., 2 April 2015). For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. Welch 1994 listed meridionalis from Albania, Greece, S Serbia, Romania, S Bulgaria, and European Turkey. No tin the Middle East fide IUCN assessment.

 
EtymologyFrom Greek ammodutēs = sand-dweller (Bodson 2014), from ammos = “sand”, and dutes = “burrower” or “diver”. However, the name Sand Viper seems somewhat inapproriate as the species rarely occurs in truly sandy habitats.

V. a. buchholzi was named after Karl F. Buchholz for being the first to report the presence of Vipera ammodytes on the island of Antiparos and for his important contribution to the knowledge of Reptiles of the Aegean Islands.

V. a. montandoni was named after the collector of the type, M.A. Montandon. 
References
  • AKKAYA, A. & UǦURTAS, İ. H. 2011. Rediscovery of Vipera ammodytes (LINNAEUS, 1758) at Uludaǧ-Bursa, Turkey, after 62 years [Short Note]. Herpetozoa 24: - get paper here
  • ANĐELKOVIĆ, MARKO; SONJA NIKOLIĆ & LJILJANA TOMOVIĆ. 2021. Reproductive characteristics, diet composition and fat reserves of nose-horned vipers (Vipera ammodytes). Herpetological Journal 31(3): 151–161. - get paper here
  • Arakelyan, Marine S.; Felix D. Danielyan, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, and Alan E. Leviton 2011. The Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 154 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-916984-84-7.]
  • Barnett, Brian F. 1991. Breeding results: Vipera ammodytes ammodytes - Sandviper. Litteratura Serpentium 11 (6): 144 - get paper here
  • Beshkov, V & Nanev, K 2006. The Amphibians and Reptiles in Bulgaria. Pensoft Series Faunistica 46, 120 pp.
  • BODSON, Liliane 2009. L’interprétation des noms grecs et latins d’animaux illustrée par le cas du zoonyme seps-seps. Académie Royale de Belgique, Bruxelles, 368 pp.
  • Bodson, Liliane 2014. ZOOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME, in: CAMPBELL G.L. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014, 556-578 - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. [as O. Böttger] 1880. Die Reptilien und Amphibien von Syrien, Palaestina und Cypern. Ber. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., Frankfurt/M., 1879-1880: 132-219 - get paper here
  • Bohlmann, H.; Falkenberg, E.; Knüppel, U. & König, R. 1981. Herpetologische Notizen von der Kykladeninsel Tinos (Griechenland). Herpetofauna 3 (14): 8-13 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2024. Schuppenlose Sandvipern, Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) als innerartliches Kreuzungsprodukt? Sauria 46 (1): 47
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1904. On the sand viper of Roumania (Vipera ammodytes, var. Montandoni). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 14: 134-135 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1913. The snakes of Europe. Methusen & Co. Ltd, London, 151 pp.
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1913. On the geographical races of Vipera ammodytes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11: 283-287 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1903. On the Geographical Variations of the Sand-Viper, Vipera ammodytes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1903: 185-186 - get paper here
  • Bringsøe, Henrik 2019. Vipera ammodytes, “Sand Viper” – origin of its name, and a sand habitat in Greece. Podarcis 10 (2): 23-34 - get paper here
  • Broggi, Mario F. 1996. Die Feuchtgebiete der Insel Andros mit ihren Amphibien und hydrophilen Reptilien (Amphibia, Reptilia; Kykladen, Griechenland). Herpetozoa 8 (3/4): 135-144 - get paper here
  • Bruno,S. 1968. Sulla Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) in Italia. Mem. Mus. Civ. Stor. nat. 15:289-336.
  • Buresch,I. & J. Zonkov. 1934. Untersuchungen über die Verbreitung der Reptilien und Amphibien in Bulgarien und auf der Balkanhalbinsel 2. Bull. Inst. Hist. Nat. Sofia 7: 106-188. [V. aspis balcanica]
  • Buseke, D. 1982. Die Schlangen der Südbulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste. Sauria 4 (2): 5-9 - get paper here
  • Cabela, A., & Tiedemann, F. 1985. Atlas der Amphibien und Reptilien Osterreichs. Naturhist. Mus. in Wien, Neue Denkschriften Band 4 80 pp.
  • Carpenter, Charles C. 1977. Communication and Displays of Snakes. American Zoologist 17: 217-223 - get paper here
  • Cattaneo, Augusto 2021. VARIABILITÀ DI VIPERA AMMODYTES (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Reptilia Viperidae) IN ALCUNE ISOLE EGEE, CON DESCRIZIONE DI VIPERA AMMODYTES BUCHHOLZI SUBSP. NOVA. Naturalista sicil., S. IV, XLV (1-2): 119-15 - get paper here
  • Clark, R. J. 1968. Außergewöhnliche Färbung und Zeichnung bei Vipera ammodytes meridionalis von griechischen Inseln. Salamandra 4 (2-3): 69-72 - get paper here
  • Clark, R.J. 1967. Centipede in Stomach of Young Vipera ammodytes meridionalis Copeia 1967 (1): 224. - get paper here
  • Cogălniceanu, Dan; Laurentiu Rozylowicz, Paul Székely, Ciprian Samoilă, Florina Stănescu, Marian Tudor, Diana Székely, Ruben Iosif 2013. Diversity and distribution of reptiles in Romania. ZooKeys 341 (2013): 49-76 - get paper here
  • Covaciu-Marcov S.-D.; Ghira, I.; Cicort-Lucaciu A.-St., Sas I.; Strugariu, A. & Bogdan H. V. 2006. Contributions to knowledge regarding the geographical distribution of the herpetofauna of Dobrudja, Romania. North-Western Journal of Zoology 2 (2): 88-125 - get paper here
  • Covaciu-Marcov, S.D., Cicort-Lucaciu, A.S., Dobre, F., Ferenţi, S., Birceanu, M., Mihuţ, R. & Strugariu, A. 2009. The herpetofauna of the Jiului Gorge National Park, Romania. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5 (Suppl. 1): 1-78
  • Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Jelka; Ajtic, Rastko; Tomovic, Ljiljana 2007. Activity patterns of the sand viper (Vipera ammodytes) from the central Balkans. Amphibia-Reptilia 28 (4): 582-589 - get paper here
  • Čubrić T, Bonnet X, Crnobrnja‐Isailović J 2023. Body size and body condition in the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes): effects of sex and populations. Herpetozoa 36: 53-58 - get paper here
  • Čubrić, Tijana; Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović 2017. Malformation of eye pupil in nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) from a wild population. Herpetology Notes 10: 229-231 - get paper here
  • Dalla Torre,K.W. 1912. Die Schlangen Tirols. Z. Ferdinand. Innsbruck 3 :1-9
  • Derjugin,K. 1901. Matériaux pour l'herpétologie du sud-ouest du Transcaucase et des environs de Trapézonde. [in Russian] Ann. Mus. Zool. St. Pétersbourg 6: 84-111. - get paper here
  • DI NICOLA, MATTEO RICCARDO 2019. A revised dichotomous key to the snakes of Italy (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), according to recent systematic updates. Zootaxa 4686 (2): 294–296 - get paper here
  • Diesener, G. 1979. Die Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (LINNAEUS). Herpetofauna 1 (2): 20-23 - get paper here
  • Diesener, Günther 1981. Literature: Die Hornotter, Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus). Litteratura Serpentium 1 (2): 75 - get paper here
  • Dyugmedzhiev A, Andonov K, Hristov G, Borissov S 2024. New data on the distribution of the Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) mitochondrial lineages place their contact zone in western Bulgaria. Herpetozoa 37: 57-63 - get paper here
  • Dyugmedzhiev A, Slavchev M, Naumov B 2019. Emergence and dispersal of snakes after syntopic hibernation. Herpetozoa 32: 149-157 - get paper here
  • Dyugmedzhiev, A. V., Andonov, K. I., & Slavchev, M. L. 2021. Further Insights on the Nocturnal Activity of the Nose-horned Viper Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)(Reptilia: Viperidae) in Bulgaria: First Observation in October. ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA - get paper here
  • DYUGMEDZHIEV, A., NAUMOV, B., & TZANKOV, N. 2021. Thermal ecology of the Nose-Horned Viper (Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758)) under natural conditions. NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 17(1), 44-56
  • DYUGMEDZHIEV, ANGEL; BORISLAV NAUMOV & NIKOLAY TZANKOV. 2022. Sex- and age-related variations in seasonal and circadian activity of the Nose-horned Viper Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758). Belgian Journal of Zoology 152(0): 139–156. - get paper here
  • DYUGMEDZHIEV, ANGEL; KOSTADIN ANDONOV, GEORGI POPGEORGIEV, BORISLAV NAUMOV & YURII V. KORNILEV. 2020. Crepuscular and nocturnal activity of the Nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) is more common than previously reported. Herpetozoa 33: 165–169. - get paper here
  • Engelmann, W.E. et al. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp.
  • Faoro, George 1987. Bemerkungen zur Verbastardierung von Vipera ammodytes ammodytes mit Vipera aspis atra. Litteratura Serpentium 7 (4): 198 - get paper here
  • Faoro,G. 1986. Bemerkungen zur Verbastardierung von Vipera ammodytes mit Vipera aspis atra. herpetofauna 8 (43):6-7. - get paper here
  • GANDINI, ANTONIO. 2021. Predation of Vipera ammodytes by the eastern Montpellier snake Malpolon insignitus. The Herpetological Bulletin (158). - get paper here
  • Garrigues, Thomas; Catherine Dauga; Elisabeth Ferquel; Valérie Choumet and Anna-Bella Failloux 2005. Molecular phylogeny of Vipera Laurenti, 1768 and the related genera Macrovipera (Reuss, 1927) and Daboia (Gray, 1842), with comments about neurotoxic Vipera aspis aspis populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution <br>Volume 35 (1): 35-47 - get paper here
  • GEBHART, J. 2020. Speed-Dating mit den drei Vipernarten Montenegros – Ein Erlebnisbericht. Sauria 42 (2): 28-36
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Gestel, P. van 1983. Breeding results: Vipera ammodytes. Litteratura Serpentium 3 (5): 171 - get paper here
  • Göçmen, Bayram; Konrad Mebert, Naşit İğci, Bahadır Akman, Mehmet Zülfü Yıldız, Mehmet Anıl Oğuz, and Çağatay Altın 2014. New locality records for four rare species of vipers (Reptilia: Viperidae) in Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East 60 (4): 306-313 - get paper here
  • Gruber, U. 2009. Die Schlangen Europas, 2. Aufl. Kosmos Naturführer, 266 pp.
  • Gruber, U. & Fuchs, D. 1977. Die Herpetofauna des Paros-Archipels (Zentral-Ägäis). Salamandra 13 (2): 60-77 - get paper here
  • Gulden, J. 1988. Hibernation and breeding of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes. Litteratura Serpentium 8 (4): 168-172 - get paper here
  • GVOZDENOVIĆ, S., & IKOVIĆ, V. 2022. CHECKLIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MONTENEGRO AND THEIR CONSERVATION STATUS. Natura Montenegrina, Podgorica, 2022, 14 (2): 93-105 - get paper here
  • Hanscom, R. J., Higham, T. E., Ryan, D., & Clark, R. W. 2023. Ambush hunting in snakes: behaviour, function, and diversity. In: D. Penning (ed.), Snakes: morphology, function, and ecology. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H. W.; Joger, U.; Lenk, P. & Wink, M. 1999. Morphological and molecular phylogenies of viperines: conflicting evidence? Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 21-30 - get paper here
  • Jablonski, Daniel 2011. Reptiles and amphibians of Albania with new records and notes on occurrence and distribution. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 75: 223–238 - get paper here
  • Janoo, A. & J.-P. Gasc 1992. High speed motion analysis of the predatory strike and fluorographic study of oesophageal deglutition in Vipera ammodytes: more than meets the eye Amphibia-Reptilia, 13(4): 315-325. - get paper here
  • Janssen, P. 1981. Vipera ammodytes in de natuur en in gevangenschap [Vipera ammodytes in nature and in captivity]. Litteratura Serpentium 1 (3): 78-87 - get paper here
  • Jelić, Dušan; Rastko AJtić, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović, Suvad Lelo, and Ljiljana Tomović 2013. Legal Status and Assessment of Conservation Threats to Vipers (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae) of the <br>Western and Central Balkans. Herp. Cons. Biol. 8 (3) - get paper here
  • Kabisch, K. 1966. Herpetologische Exkursionen in die Umgebung von Sofia. Aquarien-Terrarien, 4:131-135
  • Kabisch, K. & Belter, H. 1968. Das Verzehren von Amphibien und Reptilien durch Vögel. Zoologische Abhandlungen aus dem Staatlichen Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden 29: 191-227
  • Kabisch, K. & Engelhard, H. 1964. Beobachtungen an Reptilien in der Umgebung von Varna-Goldsand. Aquarien Terrarien 11 (6): 194-197
  • Knight, Alec;Mindell, David P. 1994. On the phylogenetic relationship of Colubrinae, Elapidae, and Viperidae and the evolution of front-fanged venom systems in snakes. Copeia 1994 (1): 1-9 - get paper here
  • Krecsák, László. 2008. Albinism and leucism among European viperinae: A review. Russ. J. Herpetol. 15 (2): 97-102 - get paper here
  • Krizmanić, I. 2018. CONTRIBUTION TO THE HERPETOFAUNA OF SERBIA-DISTRIBUTION OF REPTILES IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA PROVINCE. Bulletin of Natural Sciences Research 9 (2): - get paper here
  • Kutrup, Bilal 2000. Notes on the breeding and feeding of long-nosed Caucasian Viper (Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana). Litteratura Serpentium 20 (6): 170-174 - get paper here
  • Kwet, A. 2010. Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart, 252 pp.
  • Kwet, Axel & Benny Trapp 2014. Die Vipern Europas. Draco 15 (60): 40-56 - get paper here
  • Kwet, Axel & Benny Trapp 2014. Liste der Reptilien Europas. Draco 15 (60): 72-79 - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • Lakušić, Margareta; Vukašin Bjelica, Ljiljana Tomović 2021. Record size for the Nose-horned Viper, Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758), from Serbia. Herpetology Notes 14: 605-607
  • Linnaeus, C. [= Linné, C. von] 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp. - get paper here
  • Luiselli, L. 1996. Food Habits of an Alpine Population of the Sand Viper (Vipera ammodytes) Journal of Herpetology 30 (1): 92-94. - get paper here
  • Mallow, D. Ludwig, D. & Nilson, G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger, Malabar, Florida, 410 pp. [review in HR 35: 200, Reptilia 35: 74]
  • Marktanner-Turneretscher,G. 1904. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Verbreitung der Giftschlangen in der Steiermark. Mitt. naturw. Ver. Steierm. 15: 3-42.
  • Martínez-Freiría, F., Toyama, K. S., Freitas, I., & Kaliontzopoulou, A. 2020. Thermal melanism explains macroevolutionary variation of dorsal pigmentation in Eurasian vipers. Scientific Reports, 10(1) - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Mcmahon, M. L. 1990. Venoms And Snakebite: Vipera ammodytes meridionalis: Envenoment. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (37): 60-60 - get paper here
  • Mebert, Konrad; Tomaz Jagar, Rok Grželj, Vesna Cafuta, Luca Luiselli, Erika Ostanek, Philippe Golay, Sylvain Dubey, Joaquim Golay and Sylvain Ursenbacher 2015. The dynamics of coexistence: habitat sharing versus segregation patterns among three sympatric montane vipers. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society DOI: 10.1111/bij.12582 - get paper here
  • Melani, E. 2005. The Nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes. Reptilia (GB) (41): 73-79 - get paper here
  • Meuth,F.X. 1913. Biologische Gesellschaft, Graz. Aus den Vereinsabenden im Monat August. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 24:644-645.
  • Meyer, A. 1985. Die Reptilienfauna des südlichen Peleponnes. Sauria 7 (1): 13-16 - get paper here
  • Mojsisovics, A. v. 1889. Nachträgliche Bemerkungen zu meiner Arbeit „Über die geographische Verbreitung einiger westpalaearktischer Schlangen”. Mitt. naturwiss. Ver. Steiermark, 1888: 270-273 - get paper here
  • NAUMOV, BORISLAV; NIKOLAY TZANKOV, KRASIMIR DONCHEV, BOYAN PETROV, ANDREI STOJANOV, GEORGI POPGEORGIEV, IVELIN MOLLOV, VLADIMIR BESHKOV 2016. The Herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of Vrachanska Planina Mountains - Species Composition, Distribution and Conservation. In: Bechev, D. & Georgiev, D. (Eds.), Faunistic diversity of Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park. ZooNotes, Supplement 3, Plovdiv University Press, Plovdiv - get paper here
  • Nilson, G., Andren, C., & Flärdh, B. 1988. Die Vipern der Türkei. Salamandra 24 (4): 215-247 - get paper here
  • Obermayer, G. 1967. Vipera aspis zinnikeri x Vipera ammodytes ammodytes. DATZ 20: 255-256.
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Petrov B. P., N. Tzankov, H. Strijbosch, G. Popgeorgiev, V. Beshkov 2006. The herpetofauna (Amphibia and Reptilia) of the Western Rhodopes mountain (Bulgaria and Greece). In: Beron P. (ed.). Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 3. Biodiversity of Western Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece) I. Pensoft & Nat. Mus. Natur. Hist., Sofia, pp. 863-912
  • Pezdirc, Marko, Anamarija Zagar and Miguel A. Carretero. 2013. First record of dicephalism in Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758), from Slovenia. Herpetozoa 26 (1/2): 94-95 - get paper here
  • Phelps, T. 2010. Old World Vipers. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 558 pp. [critical review in Sauria 33 (3): 19 and HR 43: 503]
  • Pichler, Hans 2014. Die Folgen eines Hornotternbisses. Terraria-Elaphe 2014 (5): 79 - get paper here
  • Plessas, A. 2002. Herp hound experience in Greece. Reptilia (GB) (21): 8-10 - get paper here
  • PLETTENBERG-LAING, ANTHONY 2020. Observations on the diet of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes) in Greece. Herpetological Bulletin 153: - get paper here
  • Polovic, Lidija and Natalija Cadenovic. 2014. The herpetofauna of Ljubisnja Mountain, Montenegro. Herpetozoa 26 (3/4): 193-194 - get paper here
  • Reuss, T. 1933. Fortsetzung und Schluss der Originalberichte. Nachr. Bl. Aquar. Terrar.-Ver. 1933: 372-373
  • Ripa, D. 1983. Breeding results: Vipera ammodytes montandoni. Litteratura Serpentium 3 (1): 43 - get paper here
  • Rödel, M.-O. & R. BUSSMANN 1990. Die Amphibien und Reptilien der Julischen Alpen. Sauria 12 (4): 15-21 - get paper here
  • Roussos, Stephanos A. 2013. Geographic Distribution: Vipera ammodytes (long-nosed or nose-horned viper). Herpetological Review 44 (4): 631 - get paper here
  • Saint-Girons,H. 1978. Morphologie externe comparée et systematique des Viperes d'Europe (Reptilia, Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 85: 165-595 - get paper here
  • Sajovic,G. 1914. Beiträge zur Reptilienkunde Krains. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 150-175.
  • Sämann, Jürgen; Martin Dieckmann & Karin Dieckmann 2023. Krk – Island of the giants. Sauria 45 (3): 1-12
  • Schlüter, U. 2003. Die Herpetofauna des NSG Padurea Hagieni in Rumänien. Elaphe 11 (1): 60-65
  • Schlüter, U. 2006. Die Herpetofauna der bulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste - Teil 3: Schlangen. Elaphe 14 (2): 59-66
  • Schmidt B, Kranželić D, Majetić Đ, Lauš B, Štih A, Koren T 2020. Distribution and conservation status of the herpetofauna of Dugi Otok Island, Croatia. Herpetozoa 33: 191-205 - get paper here
  • Schweiger, M. 2009. Die Giftschlangen Europas. Eine Übersicht der Arten und Bemerkungen zu einzelnen Taxa. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (76): 14-25 - get paper here
  • Schweiger, M. 2009. Vipera ammodytes: von abnormen Vipern und Hybriden. Draco 10 (39): 22-30 - get paper here
  • Schweiger, M. 2009. Haltung, Zucht und Aufzucht der Europäischen Hornotter Vipera ammodytes. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (76): 26-33 - get paper here
  • Schweiger, M. 2012. Die Schlangenfauna der kroatischen Insel Krk. Ophidia 6 (2): 2-18 - get paper here
  • Schweiger, Mario 1992. Die Europäische Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758). Teil 1: Systematik, Ökologie und Lebensweise. Herpetofauna 14 (77): 11-22 - get paper here
  • Schweiger, Mario 1992. Die Europäische Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (Linaeus, 1758). Teil 2: Haltung und Zucht. Herpetofauna 14 (78): 11-16 - get paper here
  • Schweiger, Mario 2013. Substratrassen bei der Nominatform der Europäischen Hornotter (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes). Ophidia 7 (1): 11-21 - get paper here
  • Schweizer, H. 1941. Die Bastardform von Vipera aspis aspis X Vipera ammodytes ammodytes. Wochenschr. Aquar. Terrarienkunde 38: 345-346
  • Shine, Richard;Madsen, Thomas 1994. Sexual dichromatism in snakes of the genus Vipera: A review and a new evolutionary hypothesis. Journal of Herpetology 28 (1): 114-117 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Sindaco, Roberto; Alberto Venchi, Giuseppe M. Carpaneto, Marco A. Bologna 2000. The Reptiles of Anatolia: a Checklist and Zoogeographical analysis. Biogeographia, 21-2000: 441-554. - get paper here
  • Sochurek,E. 1976. Zur systematischen Stellung der alpinen Hornotter. Carinthia, Klagenfurt II(166):447-452.
  • Sos, T. 2008. Review of recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes in European Amphibia and Reptilia related to Romanian herpetofauna. Herpetologica Romanica 2: 61-91
  • Stoev, Pavel 2000. On the distribution, biology and ecology of amphibians and reptiles in the Derventski Heights and the Sakar Mountain, South-East Bulgaria Hist. Nat. Bulgarica 12: 59–69 - get paper here
  • Strachinis, Ilias; Dimitris Aravanis 2017. Additions to the known herpetofauna of the Island of Ithaki, Ionian Sea, Greece. Herpetozoa 30 (1/2): 64 - 66 - get paper here
  • Strauch, A. 1868. Concerning poisonous snakes distributed in Russia. [in Russian]. Trudy Perv. Siezda Russ. Yestestv. Zool., 1: 294 (also cited as Trans. First Conf. Russ. Nat., St.Petersburg, 1: 271-297)
  • Stümpel, N. & Hahn, S. 2001. Die Hornotter Vipera ammodytes (LINNAEUS 1758) in Südtirol, Italien. Herpetofauna 23 (134): 9-18 - get paper here
  • Thieme, U. 1986. Die Amphibien - und Reptilienfauna der südost - bulgarischen Küste, Teil 4: Reptilien 3. Sauria 8 (3): 3-6 - get paper here
  • Thomas, E. 1969. Jungtierkämpfe bei Vipera a. ammodytes (Serpentes, Viperidae). Salamandra 5 (3-4): 141-142 - get paper here
  • Tomovic, L. 2006. Systematics of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes Linnaeus, 1758). The Herpetological Journal 16: 191-201 - get paper here
  • Tomovic, L. & Georg Dzukic 2003. Geographic variability and taxonomy of the nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes (L. 1758), in the central and eastern parts of the Balkans: A multivariate study. Amphibia-Reptilia 24 (3): 359-377 - get paper here
  • Tomovic, Ljiljana, Jelena Radojicic, George Dzukic and Milos L. Kalezic 2002. Sexual dimorphism of the sand viper (Vipera ammodytes L.) from the central part of Balkan Peninsula. Russ. J. Herpetol. 9 (1): 69-76 - get paper here
  • TOMOVIĆ, LJILJANA; MARKO ANĐELKOVIĆ, ANA GOLUBOVIĆ, DRAGAN ARSOVSKI, RASTKO AJTIĆ, BOGOLJUB STERIJOVSKI, SONJA NIKOLIĆ, JELKA CRNOBRNJA-ISAILOVIĆ, MARGARETA LAKUŠIĆ & XAVIER BONNET. 2022. Dwarf vipers on a small island: body size, diet and fecundity correlates. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 137(2): 267–279. - get paper here
  • Tóth, Tamás, László Krecsák, Thomas Madsen and Beáta Újvári 2002. Herpetofaunal locality records on the Greek Islands of Corfu (Amphibia, Reptilia). Herpetozoa 15 (3/4):149-169 - get paper here
  • Trapp, B. 2007. Reptilien und Amphibien des griechischen Festlandes. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 300 pp. - get paper here
  • Trapp, Benny 2014. Europäische Vipern. Terraria-Elaphe 2014 (3): 14-21 - get paper here
  • Trutnau, L. 1975. Europäische Amphibien und Reptilien. Belser Verlag, Stuttgart 212 pp.
  • Uhrin, Marcel; Peter Havaš, Martin Minařík, Karel Kodejš, Imrich Bugoš, Stanislav Danko, Tomáš Husák, Daniel Koleska and Daniel Jablonski 2016. Distribution updates to amphibian and reptile fauna for the Republic of Macedonia. Herpetology Notes 9: 201-220 - get paper here
  • Ursenbacher, S.; S. Schweiger, L. Tomović, J. Crnobrnja-Isailović, L. Fumagalli and W. Mayer 2008. Molecular phylogeography of the nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes, Linnaeus (1758)): Evidence for high genetic diversity and multiple refugia in the Balkan peninsula. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (3): 1116-1128 - get paper here
  • Veith, G. 1991. Die Reptilien Bosniens und der Herzegowina. Teil 2. Herpetozoa 4 (1-2): 1-96 - get paper here
  • Venchi, Alberto and Roberto Sindaco 2006. Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 -Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova, XCVIII: 259-364
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Weima, André 2009. Pictures: Vipera ammodytes ammodytes and Vipera aspis aspis. Litteratura Serpentium 29 (3): 118 - get paper here
  • Weima, André 2009. Pictures: Vipera ammodytes and Sistrurus ravus ravus. Litteratura Serpentium 29 (3): 103 - get paper here
  • Weima, André 2011. Picture: Vipera ammodytes meridionalis. Litteratura Serpentium 31 (4): 207 - get paper here
  • Weima, André 2011. Picture: Vipera ammodytes ammodytes. Litteratura Serpentium 31 (4): 206 - get paper here
  • Weima, André 2013. Giftschlangen verantwortungsvoll pflegen. Terraria-Elaphe 2013 (6): 18-23 - get paper here
  • Weima, André 2014. Care and breeding of Vipera ammodytes. Litteratura Serpentium 34 (4): 227-248 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1904. Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Reptilien- und Orthopterenfauna Kleinasiens. Zool. Anz. 28: 79-82 - get paper here
  • Wirth, Michael 2010. Der Mittelmeerraum – Landschaften und Herpetofauna in Südeuropa. Draco 11 (42): 4-23
  • Wirth, Michael 2012. Von Kratzern, gutem Müll und gebräunten Nacken. Praxistipps für die Reptiliensuche. Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (3): 26-31 - get paper here
  • Wirth, Michael 2012. „Fieldherping“. Die erfolgreiche Suche nach Reptilien im Freiland. Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (3): 16-23 - get paper here
  • Wöss, W. 1989. Auf den Spuren der Sandviper Vipera ammodytes (LINNAEUS 1758) in der Südsteiermark - Individuelle Eindrücke einer naturkundlichen Studienreise. Herpetofauna 11 (60): 6-11 - get paper here
  • Wütschert, R. 1984. Neues uber die Reptilienfauna der Insel Korfu. Salamandra 20 (4): 221-228 - get paper here
  • Zadravec, Mladen; Toni Koren 2017. Further evidence of nocturnal activity of Vipera ammodytes (LINNAEUS, 1758). Herpetozoa 30 (1/2): 107 - 108 - get paper here
  • Žagar, A., Carretero, M. A., Krofel, M., Lužnik, M., Podnar, M. & Tvrtković, N. 2014. Reptile survey in Dinara Mountain (Croatia) revealed the southernmost known population of Horvath’s rock lizard (Iberolacerta horvathi). Nat. Croat. 23 (1): 235–240 - get paper here
  • ZAUNER, J. 2021. Auf Reptiliensuche im Soca-Tal (Slowenien). Sauria 43 (1): 2-8 - get paper here
  • Zauner, Jochen 2023. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf dem Peloponnes (Griechenland). Sauria 45 (4): 1-17
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Vipera&species=ammodytes

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator