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Virginia striatula (LINNAEUS, 1766)

IUCN Red List - Virginia striatula - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Rough Earth Snake
G: Rauhe Erdschlange 
SynonymColuber striatulus LINNAEUS 1766: 275
Natrix striatulus — MERREM 1820: 118
Haldea striatula – BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 122
Conocephalus striatulus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 140
Conocephalus striatulus — JAN 1865
Falconeria bengalensis THEOBALD 1868: 37 (fide BAUER & DAS 1999)
Virginia inornata GARMAN 1884: 97 (fide BLANCHARD 1924)
Virginia striatula — GARMAN 1884: 97
Amphiardis inornatus — COPE 1888: 391
Virginia inornata — GARMAN 1888
Haldea striatula — BOULENGER 1893
Amphardis striatula — COPE 1895: 206 (nom. emend.)
Haldea striatula — BOULENGER 1893: 291
Amphardis inornatus — COPE 1900: 1009
Haldea striatula — COPE 1900: 1009
Amphiardis inornatus — BROWN 1901: 43
Potamophis striatulus — BLANCHARD 1924
Potamophis striatulus — FORCE 1928
Potamophis striatulus — ALLEN 1932
Potamophis striatulus — BURT 1935
Haldea striatula — SHANNON & SMITH 1949
Virginia striatula — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 174
Virginia striatula — CROTHER 2000
Virginia striatula — ERNST & ERNST 2003: 445
Virginia striatula — CROTHER et al. 2012
Haldea striatula — MCVAY & CARSTENS 2013
Virginia striatula — WALLACH et al. 2014: 789
Virginia striatula — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015
Haldea striatula — GUYER et al. 2018
Virginia striatula — NUÑEZ et al. 2023
Haldea striatula — BASSETT & PANDELIS 2024 
DistributionUSA (Texas, E Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Kansas, S Missouri, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, N Florida, South Carolina, E North Carolina, SE Virginia, SW Tennessee)

Type locality: Carolina  
Reproductionlecithotrophic, ovovivparous. 
TypesSyntype: MCZ R-178775 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1312 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentType species: Coluber striatulus LINNAEUS 1766: 275 is the type species of the genus Haldea BAIRD & GIRARD 1853. MCVAY & CARSTENS 2013 revalidated the genus Haldea without providing a diagnosis. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin striatus, grooved, wrinkled + Latin -ula, diminutive suffix. [“...Parvus dorso striato, fuscus...”]. 
References
  • Aldridge, Robert D. & David M. Sever 2011. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF SNAKES. Taylor & Francis CRC Press, xii + 759 pp.
  • Allen, Morrow J. 1932. A survey of the Amphibians and reptiles of Harrison County, Mississippi. American Museum Novitates (542): 1-20 - get paper here
  • Baird, S. F. and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.-Serpents. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, xvi + 172 pp. - get paper here
  • BASSETT, L. G., AND M. R. J. FORSTNER 2020. Geographic Distribution: Haldea striatula (Rough Earthsnake). USA: Texas: Hamilton Co. Herpetological Review 51: 545.
  • Beane, J C 2019. New geographic distribution records for reptiles from North Carolina, USA. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 538-542 - get paper here
  • Blackburn, D.G. 1994. Discrepant Usage of the Term Ovoviviparity in the Herpetological Literature. The Herpetological Journal 4 (3): 65-72 - get paper here
  • Blackburn, D.G. & Stewart, J.R. 2011. Viviparity and placentation in snakes. In Aldridge & Sever (eds), Reproductive biology and phylogeny in snakes. CRC Press, pp. 119-181 - get paper here
  • Blanchard, F.N. 1924. The status of Amphiardis inornatus (Garman). Copeia (134): 83-85 - get paper here
  • Bogosian, Victor; Eric C. Hellgren, and Raymond W. Moody 2012. Assemblages of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals on an Urban Military Base in Oklahoma. Southwestern Naturalist 57 (3): 277-284. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Breukelman, John 1940. The snake Haldea striatula in Kansas. Herpetologica 2 (2): 56 - get paper here
  • Brown, A.E. 1901. A review of the Genera and Species of American Snakes, North of Mexico. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 53: 10-110 - get paper here
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  • Garman, Samuel 1884. The reptiles and batrachians of North America. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 8 (3): xxxiv + 185 pp. [1883] [CNAH reprint 10] - get paper here
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  • Irwin, Kelly J. 2004. Arkansas Snake Guide. Arkansas Game & Fish Commission, Little Rock, 50 pp.
  • Irwin, Kelly J.;Collins, Suzanne L.;Collins, Joseph T. 1993. Virginia striatula (rough earth snake). USA: Florida. Herpetological Review 24 (3): 111 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1865. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 12. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
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  • McVay, John David; Bryan Carstens 2013. Testing monophyly without well-supported gene trees: Evidence from multi-locus nuclear data conflicts with existing taxonomy in the snake tribe Thamnophiini. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 68, Issue 3, September 2013, Pages 425–431 - get paper here
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