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Xantusia gracilis GRISMER & GALVAN, 1986

IUCN Red List - Xantusia gracilis - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaXantusiidae (Xantusiinae), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sandstone Night Lizard 
SynonymXantusia henshawi gracilis GRISMER & GALVAN 1986
Xantusia henshawi gracilis — CROTHER 2000: 55
Xantusia gracilis — VICARIO et al. 2003
Xantusia ‘gracilis’ — SINCLAIR et al. 2004
Xantusia gracilis — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Xantusia gracilis — THOMSON et al. 2016: 246 
DistributionUSA (S California)

Type locality: Truckhaven Rocks, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, San Diego County, California.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: SDNHM = SDSNH 64830. paratypes SDNHM = SDSNH 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (878 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentHabitat/Ecomorph: rock-crevice

Abundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017).

Distribution: map for California in Thomson et al. 2016: 226. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin gracilis, slender, thin, slim. [“...The adjectival name gracilis, meaning slender, comes from the Latin root gracil, and pertains to this population's slender habitus...”]. 
References
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Oscar Flores Villela. 1999. A new species of Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae) from Zacatecas, Mexico. Herpetologica 55 (2): 174-184. - get paper here
  • Bezy,R.L. & SItes, J.W. 1987. A preliminary study of allozyme evolution in the lizard family Xantusiidae. Herpetologica 43: 281-289 - get paper here
  • Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp.
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • GRISMER, L. LEE. 2021. Comparative ecomorphology of the sandstone night lizard (Xantusia gracilis) and the granite night lizard (Xantusia henshawi). Vertebrate Zoology 71: 425–437. - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee; Galvan, Mark A. 1986. A new night lizard (Xantusia henshawi) from a sandstone habitat in San Diego County, California. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 21 (10): 155-165 - get paper here
  • Henry, Taylor S. and Gary S. Henry. 2015. Xantusia gracilis (sandstone night lizard) diet and foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 46 (1): 98 - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Lee, J. C. 1976. Xantusia henshawi Stejneger granite night lizard. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (189): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Lee, Julian C. 1975. The Autecology of Xantusia Henshawi henshawi (Sauria: Xantusiidae). Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 17 (19): 259-278 - get paper here
  • Lovich, R.E. & Grismer, L.L. 2001. Xantusia gracilis Grismer and Galvan - Sandstone Night Lizard. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 772: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Lovich, Robert 2001. Phylogeography of the night lizard, Xantusia henshawi, in southern California: evolution across fault zones. Herpetologica 57 (4):470-487 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • Noonan, Brice P.; Jennifer B. Pramuk, Robert L. Bezy, Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Kevin de Queiroz, Jack W. Sites Jr. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships within the lizard clade Xantusiidae: Using trees and divergence times to address evolutionary questions at multiple levels. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 69, Issue 1, October 2013, Pages 109–122 - get paper here
  • Sinclair, Elizabeth A.; Robert L. Bezy; Kathryn Bolles; Jose L. Camarillo R.; Keith A. Crandall and Jack W. Sites, Jr. 2004. Testing Species Boundaries in an Ancient Species Complex with Deep Phylogeographic History: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae). American Naturalist 164 (3): 396-414 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Stejneger, L. 1893. Diagnosis of a new Californian lizard. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 16: 467 - get paper here
  • Thomson, Robert C.; Amber N. Wright & H. Bradley Shaffer 2016. California Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Concern. University of California Press - get paper here
  • Vicario, Saverio; Adalgisa Caccone and Jacques Gauthier 2003. Xantusiid "night" lizards: a puzzling phylogenetic problem revisited using likelihood-based Bayesian methods on mtDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 26 (2): 243-261 - get paper here
 
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