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Xenodermus javanicus REINHARDT, 1836

IUCN Red List - Xenodermus javanicus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaXenodermidae, Colubroidea, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) 
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Xenodermine Snake, Java Tubercle Snake, Dragon snake
G: Java Höckernatter 
SynonymXenodermus javanicus REINHARDT 1836
Gonionotus plumbeus GRAY 1846 (fide DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854)
Xenodermus Javanicus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 45
Xenodermus javanica - JAN 1863
Xenoderma javanicum - MÜLLER 1887
Xenodermus javanicus — BOULENGER 1893: 175
Xenodermus javanicus — SMITH 1943: 124
Xenodermus javanicus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 399
Xenodermus javanicus — STUEBING & INGER 1999: 82
Xenodermus javanicus — GOWER et al. 2012: 76
Xenodermus javanicus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 800 
DistributionBurma (Myanmar),
Thailand, West Malaysia (Grandison 1977)
Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo)

Type locality: Java Map legend:
TDWG region - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map.

NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and not in every cases it works well. We are working on it.
 
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: ZMUC 5941 
CommentType species: Xenodermus javanicus REINHARDT 1836 is the type species of the genus Xenodermus REINHARDT 1836. Xenodermus is also the type species of the family Xenodermidae GRAY 1849.

Diagnosis (family): Putative synapomorphies for the group are: maxilla suspended, in part, from a lateral process of the palatine; loose ligamentous connection between maxilla and prefrontal; and vertebral zygapophyses and neural spines with broad lateral expansions (Bogert, 1964; McDowell, 1987; Ferrarezzi, 1994a,b). 
EtymologyNamed after Greek xeno = strange; derma = skin, referring to the unusual skin in the species. Even though derma is female, the gender of the genus is male. Savage 2015 pointed out that the name of the family needs to be Xenodermidae, not Xenodermatidae, which is often used. 
References
  • Blackburn, D.G. 1993. STANDARDIZED CRITERIA FOR THE RECOGNITION OF REPRODUCTIVE MODES IN SQUAMATE REPTILES. Herpetologica 49 (1): 118-132 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • David,P. & Vogel,G. 1996. The snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural history notes. Bücher Kreth, Frankfurt/M.
  • de Rooij, N. DE 1917. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Il. Ophidia. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 334 S.
  • Gower, D.; Garrett, K. & Stafford, P. 2012. Snakes. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY,<br />144 p..
  • Grandison, A. G. C. 1978. Snakes of West Malaysia and Singapore. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 81 [1977]: 283-303 - get paper here
  • Kopstein, F. 1938. Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie, Biologie und Okologie von Xenodermus javanicus Reinhardt. Bull. Raffl. Mus. No 14: 168-174
  • Kopstein, F. 1938. Ein Beitrag zur Eierkunde und zur Fortpflanzung der Malaiischen Reptilien. Bull. Raffl. Mus. No 14: 81-167
  • Kudryavtsev, Sergey V.; Vasyliy A. Latyshev 2015. Xenodermus javanicus Reinhardt, 1836: Captive Husbandry and Breeding. . Russ. J. Herpetol. 22 (1): 75-78 - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • Reinhardt, J. T. 1836. Afhandling om Xenodermus javanicus. Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs forhandlinger. Kjobenhavn 3: 6-7
  • Rovatsos, Pokorná Michail; Martina Johnson; Lukáš Kratochvíl 2015. Differentiation of Sex Chromosomes and Karyotype Characterisation in the Dragonsnake Xenodermus javanicus (Squamata: Xenodermatidae). Cytogenet Genome Res., DOI: 10.1159/000441646
  • Savage, Jay M. 2015. What are the correct family names for the taxa that include the snake general Xenodermus, Pareas, and Calamaria? Herpetological Review 46 (4): 664-665
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Stuebing, R.B. & INGER, R.F. 1999. A field guide to the snakes of Borneo. Natural history Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 254 pp. [corrections in HR 31: 124].
  • Taylor,E.H. 1965. The serpents of Thailand and adjacent waters. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 45 (9): 609-1096 - get paper here
  • TEYNIÉ, ALEXANDRE; PATRICK DAVID, & ANNEMARIE OHLER 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa 2416: 1–43 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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