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Xenopholis undulatus (JENSEN, 1900)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Jensen's Ground Snake
Portuguese: Cobrinha-do-Folhedo, Falsa-Coral 
SynonymOxyrhopus undulatus JENSEN 1900: 106
Paroxyrhopus reticulatus SCHENKEL 1900 (fide HOGE & FEDERSONI 1975)
Oxyrhopus latifrontalis WERNER 1913: 30
Paroxyrhopus atropurpureus AMARAL 1923: 90
Paroxyrhopus atropurpureus AMARAL 1926: 112
Paroxyrhopus latifrontalis — AMARAL 1929: 208
Paroxyrhopus undulatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 238
Xenopholis reticulatus — HOGE & FEDERSONI 1975
Xenopholis undulatus — DA CUNHA et al. 1985
Xenopholis undulatus — JANSEN et al. 2009
Xenopholis undulatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 803
Xenopholis undulatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Alagoas, Para, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Distrito Federal), Paraguay

Type locality: Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais

atropurpureus: Type locality: Nova Baden, in the southern part of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Paratype locality: near Marianna, in the southeastern part of the State of Minas
Gerais.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: ZMUC
Holotype: IBSP (= IB) 3003, adult male, received alive on March 18, 1920, from Mr. Paulo Treszoks. Paratype: Museu Paulista 1499, adult male, collected by by Mr. Jacyntho B. de Godoy, in 1898. Other specimens: Museu Nacional 345, 346 [atropurpureus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1836 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentThe photo labeled Xenopholis scalaris in CAMPBELL & LAMAR (2004) (an Amazonian species) actually shows X. undulatus. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin undulatus, that has a wave-like form or edge. (JENSEN 1900, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1923. New genera and species of snakes. Proc. New England Zool. Club 8: 85-105 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1926. Novos gêneros e expécies de ophidios brasileiros. Arch. Mus. Nac. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro 26: 1-27
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVIII. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 126-271 [1929] - get paper here
  • Bressan, Paulo Magalhães; Maria Cecília Martins Kierulff, Angélica Midori Sugieda (eds.) 2009. FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, 2009. - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Campbell, Jonathan A. and William W. Lamar 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere, 2 vols. Comstock (Cornell University Press), Ithaca, NY, 962 pp. [review in Science 305: 182]
  • Campos Nogueira, C. de 2001. New records of Squamate Reptiles in Central Brazilian Cerrado II: Brasília Region. Herpetological Review 32 (4): 285-287 - get paper here
  • Castro, Deborah Praciano de; Sarah Mângia, Felipe de Medeiros Magalhães, David Lucas Röhr, Felipe Camurugi, Ricardo Rodrigues da Silveira Filho, Margarida Maria Xavier da Silva, John Allyson Andrade-Oliveira, Tiago Agostinho de Sousa, Frederico Gusta 2019. Herpetofauna of protected areas in the Caatinga VI: The Ubajara National Park, Ceará, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 727-742 - get paper here
  • Cunha O R da ; do Nascimento F P; Sauer de Avila-Pires T C 1985. Os repteis da area de Carajas, Para, Brasil (Testudines e Squamata). 1. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi PUBLICACOES AVULSAS (No. 40): 9-92 - get paper here
  • França RC, Solé M and França FGR 2024. Conservation status of Brazilian snakes inhabiting the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Front. Ecol. Evol. 12:1301717 - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Daniel O. Mesquita, Cristiano C. Nogueira, and Alexandre F. B. Araújo 2008. Phylogeny and Ecology Determine Morphological Structure in a Snake Assemblage in the Central Brazilian Cerrado. Copeia 2008 (1): 23-38 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Guedes, T.B. 2018. Xenopholis undulatus (Jensen's Groundsnake) Diet. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 142. - get paper here
  • GUEDES, THAÍS B.; CRISTIANO NOGUEIRA & OTAVIO A. V. MARQUES 2014. Diversity, natural history, and geographic distribution of snakes in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3863 (1): 001–093 - get paper here
  • Guedes, Thaís B.; Ricardo J. Sawaya, Alexander Zizka, Shawn Laffan, Søren Faurby, R. Alexander Pyron, Renato S. Bérnils, Martin Jansen, Paulo Passos, Ana L. C. Prudente, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Henrique B. Braz, Cristiano de C. Nogueira, Alexandre 2017. Patterns, biases and prospects in the distribution and diversity of Neotropical snakes. Global Ecol Biogeogr 00:1–8 - get paper here
  • Guerra, V., Ramalho, W. P., Machado, I. F., & Brandão, R. A. 2022. Herpetofauna of the Serra do Tombador Nature Reserve, State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Arquivos de Zoologia, 53(3), 33-51 - get paper here
  • Hoge, A.R. & Federsoni, P.A. 1975. Notes on Xenophoplis Peters and Paroxyrhopus Schenkel (Serpentes: Colubridae). Mem. Inst. Butantan [1974] 38: 137-146 - get paper here
  • JANSEN, MARTIN; LUCINDO GONZALES ÁLVAREZ & GUNTHER KÖHLER 2009. Description of a new species of Xenopholis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Cerrado of Bolivia, with comments on Xenopholis scalaris in Bolivia. Zootaxa 2222: 31-45 - get paper here
  • Jensen, A.S. 1900. Lagoa Santa Egnens Slanger. Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren. Kjöbenhavn 1899: 99-111 - get paper here
  • MARQUES, O. A. V. et al. 2009. Repteis. In: Bressan et al., FAUNA AMEAÇADA DE EXTINÇÃO NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO: VERTEBRADOS. São Paulo: Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo: Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, pp. 285-327 - get paper here
  • Neves MO, Yves A, Pereira EA, Alves L, Vasques JB, Coelho JFT, Silva PS 2019. Herpetofauna in a highly endangered area: the Triângulo Mineiro region, in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Herpetozoa 32: 113-123 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • SOUZA ALMEIDA DE, LUCAS & PAULA RIBEIRO ANUNCIAÇÃO. 2021. XENOPHOLIS UNDULATUS (Jensen’s Ground Snake). DIET. Herpetological Review 52 (3): 677–678. - get paper here
  • Tiburcio, Ingrid Carolline Soares, Barnagleison Silva Lisboa and Katyuscia Araujo-Vieira. 2016. Geographic Distribution: Xenopholis undulatus (Jensen's Ground Snake). Herpetological Review 47 (2): 267 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1913. Neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frösche des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Reptilien der Ostafrika-Expedition der Hamburger Geographischen Gesellschaft 1911/12. Leiter: Dr. E. Obst. Reptilien und Amphibien von Formosa. [these are 3 separate re Jb. Hamb. wiss. Anst., 30 [1912], 2. Beiheft: 1-39, 40-45, 45-51 - get paper here
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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