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Xenosaurus grandis (GRAY, 1856)

IUCN Red List - Xenosaurus grandis - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaXenosauridae, Diploglossa, Sauria (lizards) 
SubspeciesXenosaurus grandis arboreus LYNCH & SMITH 1965
Xenosaurus grandis grandis (GRAY 1856)
Xenosaurus grandis sanmartinensis WERLER & SHANNON 1961 
Common NamesKnob-scaled Lizard 
SynonymCubina grandis GRAY 1856: 270
Xenosaurus fasciatus PETERS 1861: 453
Xenosaurus grandis — COPE 1867: 322
Xenosaurus grandis — BOULENGER 1885: 250
Xenosaurus rackhami STUART 1941 (fide VILLA et al. 1988)
Xenosaurus grandis — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 208
Xenosaurus rackhami — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 208
Xenosaurus grandis — LINER 1994
Xenosaurus grandis — PÉREZ RAMOS et al. 2000
Xenosaurus grandis — WOOLRICH-PIÑA & SMITH 2012

Xenosaurus grandis sanmartinensis WERLER & SHANNON 1961
Xenosaurus rackhami sanmartenensis [sic] — PHILIPPS 2003 
DistributionMexico (Veracruz)

Type locality: Mexico, near Cordova [= Cordoba, Veracruz]

grandis: Veracruz

arboreus: Type locality: Mexico: Siera Madre, N of Zanatepec, Oaxaca; HOLOTYPE: UIMNH 56576 T. MacDougall; February, 1964.

sanmartinensis: Type locality: Mexico: Crater of Volcán San Martín, Veracruz; HOLOTYPE: UIMNH 80687; J. Werler and J. Reid; January 25, 1954. Map legend:
TDWG region - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map.

NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and this does not always work properly. We are working on it.
 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 
CommentSubspecies: Xenosaurus grandis agrenon KING & THOMPSON 1968 and Xenosaurus grandis rackhami STUART 1941 have been elevated to full species status.

Distribution: see map in WOOLRICH-PIÑA & SMITH 2012. 
References
  • Ballinger, R.E., G.R. Smith, and J.A. Lemos-Espinal 2000. Xenosaurus (Gray) Knob-scaled Lizards. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (712): 1-3 - get paper here
  • Ballinger,R.E.,J.A.Lemos-Espinal, and G.R. Smith 2000. Xenosaurus grandis (Gray) Knob-scaled Lizard. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (713): 1-4 - get paper here
  • Barrows, Shirley;Smith, Hobart M. 1947. The skeleton of the lizard Xenosaurus grandis (Gray) Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 31 (12): 227-281 - get paper here
  • Bhullar, B-A. S. 2011. The Power and Utility Of Morphological Characters In Systematics: A Fully Resolved Phylogeny of Xenosaurus and Its Fossil Relatives (Squamata: Anguimorpha). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 160 (3): 65–181 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Camarillo R., José L. 1990. Xenosaurus grandis en el Estado de Hidalgo, México Boletín de la Sociedad Herpetológica Mexicana 2 (2): 17-18 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1867. Fifth contribution lo the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18 [1866]: 317-323 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1856. Notice of a new species of nocturnal lizard from Mexico. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (2) 18: 270 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987]
  • Haas, Georg 1960. On the trigeminus muscles of the lizards Xenosaurus grandis and Shinisaurus crocodilurus. American Museum novitates (2017) - get paper here
  • King, F. W., & THOMPSON, F. G. 1968. A review of the American lizards of the genus Xenosaurus Peters. Bull. Florida St. Mus., Biol. Sci. 12: 93-123. - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Lynch, John D.; Smith, Hobart M. 1965. A new species of Xenosaurus (Reptilia: Xenosauridae) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 68 (1): 163-172
  • Pérez Ramos, Edmundo; Lucia Saldaña de la Riva; Jonathan A. Campbell 2000. A new allopatric species of Xenosaurus (Squamata: Xenosauridae) from Guerrero, Mexico. Herpetologica 56 (4): 500-506 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1861. Eine neue Gattung von Eidechsen, Xenosaurus fasciatus aus Mexico. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1861 (April): 453-454 - get paper here
  • Phillips, C.A. 2003. HERPETOLOGICAL TYPE-SPECIMENS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: AN UPDATE TO THE PRIMARY TYPES. University of illinois Museumof Natural History, 17 pp.
  • Stuart,L.C. 1941. A new species of Xenosaurus from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54: 47-48. - get paper here
  • Werler, John E. & Shannon, Frederick A. 1961. Two new lizards (genera Abronia and Xenosaurus) from the Los Tuxtlas Range of Veracruz, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 64 (2): 123-132
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A. and Geoffrey R. Smith 2012. A New Species of Xenosaurus from the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico Herpetologica 68 (4): 551-559. - get paper here
 
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