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Anolis phyllorhinus MYERS & CARVALHO, 1945

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Leaf-nosed anole, Bat Anole
Portuguese: Calanguinho, Papa-vento 
SynonymAnolis phyllorhinus MYERS & CARVALHO 1945: 2
Dactyloa phyllorhinus — SAVAGE & GUYER 1989: 107
Anolis phyllorhinus — RODRIGUES et al. 2002
Dactyloa phyllorhinus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Dactyloa phyllorhina — PRATES et al. 2014
Dactyloa phyllorhinus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Anolis phylorrhinus — INEICH et al. 2022: 131 (in error) 
DistributionBrazil (Amazonas, Para)

Type locality: Borba, lower Rio Madeira, State of Amazonas, Brasil.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNRJ (Rio de Janeiro) 1804 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A green anole, with granular, smooth or keeled dorsals, and larger (but relatively small), smooth or keeled ventrals. Digital expansions well developed. Body and tail slightly to moderately compressed. Mental large, expanded ventrally. A distinct row of sublabials at each side, with scales much larger than median scales on chin. Adult males with a proboscis about as long as the head, vertically flat, flexible and covered with small scales, originating above the rostral (females and juveniles unknown). Dewlap yellow, in males reaching beyond level of forelimbs. Maximum known SVL 71 mm (from Avila-Pires 1995: 98).


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CommentSpecies groups: Dactyloa punctata species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). 
EtymologyNamed after Greek phyllon = leaf and rhis (genitive rhinos) = nose, referring to the peculiar flat formation of scaly tissue that extends beyond the nose but the function of this is not known. 
References
  • Avila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen 299: 1-706 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gotch, A. F. 1986. Reptiles - Their Latin Names Explained. Blandford Press, 176 pp.
  • Ineich, I., Koppetsch, T., & Böhme, W. 2022. Pinocchio lizards and other lizards bearing rostral appendages− the peculiar habitus of the draconine agamid Harpesaurus tricinctus with highlights on its ecological implications and convergence with its New World equivalent, the dactyloid Anolis proboscis. Salamandra 58(2): 123–138. - get paper here
  • Myers, George S. & Leitão de Carvalho, Antenor 1945. A strange new leaf-nosed lizard of the genus Anolis from Amazonia. Boletim do Museu Nacional-Zoologia (43): 1-14
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • PASSOS, P., RODRIGUES, R., PINNA, P. H., WOITOVICZ-CARDOSO, M. A. N. O. E. L. A., FERNANDES, R., & CARAMASCHI, U. 2025. Filling gaps between museum and society: An illustrated catalog of the primary type specimens of Squamata housed in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zootaxa 5698(1): 1-91 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Poe, Steven 2025. A Guide to the Anolis Lizards (Anoles) of Mainland Central and South America. Princeton University Press, 432 pp. - get paper here
  • Prates, Ivan; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Paulo Roberto Melo-Sampaio, Ana Carolina Carnaval 2014. Phylogenetic relationships of Amazonian anole lizards (Dactyloa): Taxonomic implications, new insights about phenotypic evolution and the timing of diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 82: 258-268 [print 2015] - get paper here
  • RIBEIRO-JÚNIOR, MARCO A. 2015. Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. I. Dactyloidae, Hoplocercidae, Iguanidae, Leiosauridae, Polychrotidae, Tropiduridae. Zootaxa 3983 (1): 001–110 - get paper here
  • Ribeiro-Júnior, Marco A. & Silvana Amaral 2016. Diversity, distribution, and conservation of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) in the Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2:1, 195-421 - get paper here
  • Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut, et al. 2002. New specimens of Anolis phyllorhinus (Squamata, Polychrotidae): the first female of the species and of proboscid anoles. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 42 (16): 363-380 - get paper here
  • Williams,E.E. 1979. South American Anoles: the species groups. 2. The proboscis anoles (Anolis laevis group). Breviora (449): 1-19 - get paper here
  • Yánez-Muñoz, Mario H.; Miguel A. Urgilés, Marco Altamirano B., Stalin R. Cáceres S. 2010. Redescripción de Anolis proboscis Peters & Orcés (Reptilia: Polychrotidae), con el descubrimiento de las hembras de la especie y comentarios sobre su distribución y taxonomía. Avances en Ciencias e Ingeniería, 2, 1-14 - get paper here
 
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