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Aspidoscelis burti (TAYLOR, 1938)

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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Canyon Spotted Whiptail
S: Huico Manchado de Cañón
E: Giant Spotted Whiptail [stictogrammus]
S: Huico Manchado Gigante [stictogrammus]
E: Red-backed Whiptail [xanthonotus]
S: Huico Manchado Dorsorojo [xanthonotus] 
SynonymCnemidophorus burti TAYLOR 1938: 485
Cnemidophorus burti burti —DUELLMAN & ZWEIFEL 1962: 174
Cnemidophorus burti — STEBBINS 1985: 153
Cnemidophorus burti burti — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus burti — LINER 1994
Aspidoscelis burti — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis burti burti — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008
Aspidoscelis burti — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Aspidoscelis burti — BEZY & COLE et al. 2014
Aspidoscelis burti — BARLEY et al. 2021
Aspidoscelis burti — NICHOLSON et al. 2025

Aspidoscelis burti stictogrammus (BURGER 1950)
Cnemidophorus sackii stictogrammus BURGER 1950: 5
Cnemidophorus gularis actolineatus — SMITH 1946: 409
Cnemidophorus sackii stictogrammus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 183
Cnemidophorus stictogrammus — MASLIN 1959
Cnemidophorus burti stictogrammus —DUELLMAN & ZWEIFEL 1962: 176
Cnemidophorus burti stictogrammus — STEBBINS 1985: 153
Cnemidophorus burti stictogrammus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Aspidoscelis burti stictogramma — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis burti stictogramma — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008
Aspidoscelis burti stictogramma — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Aspidoscelis stictogramma — CROTHER et al. 2012
Aspidoscelis stictogramma — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015
Aspidoscelis stictogramma — CROTHER et al. 2017
Aspidoscelis burti stictogrammus — BARLEY et al. 2021
Aspidoscelis burti stictogrammus — NICHOLSON et al. 2025

Aspidoscelis burti xanthonotus (DUELLMAN & LOWE 1953)
Cnemidophorus sacki xanthonotus DUELLMAN & LOWE 1953
Cnemidophorus burti xanthonotus —DUELLMAN & ZWEIFEL 1962: 176
Cnemidophorus burti xanthonotus — STEBBINS 1985: 153
Cnemidophorus burti xanthonotus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus xanthonotus —CROTHER 2000
Aspidoscelis burti xanthonota — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis xanthonota — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Aspidoscelis xanthonota — ENDERSON et al. 2009
Aspidoscelis xanthonota — CROTHER et al. 2012
Aspidoscelis xanthonota — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015
Aspidoscelis xanthonota — CROTHER et al. 2017
Aspidoscelis burti xanthonotus — BARLEY et al. 2021
Aspidoscelis burti xanthonotus — NICHOLSON et al. 2025 
DistributionMexico (Sonora), USA (Arizona)

Type locality: La Posa, 10 miles northwest of Guayamas, Sonora (fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 185)

stictogrammus (invalid): USA (C Arizona, New Mexico), Mexico (southward through Sonora and probably N Sinaloa, and the northern parts of Chihuahua); Type locality: Yank Springs, 6 miles southeast of Ruby, Santa Cruz County, Arizona.

xanthonotus (invalid): USA (Arizona: Ajo Mountains, Pima County to the Sierra Estrella near Phoenix, Maricopa County)
Mexico (Sonora); Type locality: Arizona, Pima, north fork Alamo Canyon, Ajo Mts., ca. 30.6 km N international boundary, in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: FMNH 100004 (was EHT-HMS 13117) (fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 185)
Holotype: USNM 132456 [stictogrammus]
Holotype: UMMZ 105426; paratypes: UMMZ, MVZ, UAZ [xanthonotus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (n=7): Related to C. perplexus, but with a tendeney toward a reversal of the typical color pattern. The young are five-lined; brownish or tan dots on a dark-brown background between much widened, bright, cream-colored, lateral lines, and between the dorsolateral and the broad, lavender, median lines. Most of the older specimens lose practically all trace of the dots and the pair of lateral lines on each side are strongly intensified, while the median becomes dim lavender to reddish in color. The ground color becomes dark or light reddish-brown. (Taylor 1938)


Unfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data. However, these details, e.g. detailed descriptions (about about 2.09 pages) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us if you need any of this material. 
CommentSynonymy partly after SMITH & TAYLOR 1950. Not listed by SMith 1946, Handbook of Lizards.

Suspecies: Aspidoscelis burti stictogramma (BURGER 1950) and Aspidoscelis burti xanthonota (DUELLMAN & LOWE 1953) are now considered as valid species.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species.

Distribution (stictogrammus): Not in Coahuila fide Lemos-Espinal et al. 2016.

NCBI taxonID: 171146 [stictogrammus]
RDB speciesID: 11234 [stictogrammus]

Etymology (stictogrammus): Named after Greek stiktos = dotted, dappled and Greek gramme = mark, letter, writing, in reference to the dorsal pattern of this species.

RDB speciesID: 11239 [xanthonotus]

Etymology (xanthonotus): Named after Greek xanthos = orange or yellow and Greek notos = back, in reference to its dorsal color pattern. 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. Charles Earle Burt (1904-1963), American herpetologist. He took his bachelor's degree at Kansas State Agricultural College, and his master's degree (1927) and doctorate (1930) at the University of Michigan. He worked at the American Museum of Natural History (1929-1930) and taught at Trinity College, Waxahachie, Texas (1930-1931), and at Southwestern College, Winfield, Kansas (1932-1944). 
References
  • Barley, A. J., Nieto-Montes de Oca, A., Reeder, T. W., Manríquez-Morán, N. L., Arenas Monroy, J. C., Hernández-Gallegos, O., & Thomson, R. C. 2019. Complex patterns of hybridization and introgression across evolutionary timescales in Mexican whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 132, 284–295 - get paper here
  • Barley, Anthony J.; Tod W. Reeder, Adrián Nieto-Montes de Oca, Charles J. Cole, Robert C. Thomson 2021. A new diploid parthenogenetic whiptail lizard from Sonora, Mexico is the ‘missing link’ in the evolutionary transition to polyploidy. American Naturalist 198 (2): 295-309 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bezy, Robert L. 2020. John William Wright— Recollections of Juan Siempre Correcto. Sonoran Herpetologist 33 (3): 83-92
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Burger, W. Leslie 1950. New, revived, and reallocated names for North American whiptailed lizards, Genus Cnemidophorus. Natural History Miscellanea, Chicago Acad. Sci. (65): 1-9
  • Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp.
  • Crother, B. I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Herpetological Circular 29: 1-82
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  • Duellman, W. E., & ZWEIFEL, R. G. 1962. A synopsis of the lizards of the sexlineatus group (genus Cnemidophorus). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 123: 155-210. - get paper here
  • Duellman, William E. & Lowe, Charles H., Jr. 1953. A new lizard of the genus Cnemidophorus from Arizona. Natural History Miscellanea, Chicago Acad. Sci. (120): 1-8
  • Enderson, Erik F.; Adrian Quijada-Mascareñas; Dale S. Turner; Philip C. Rosen & Robert L. Bezy 2009. The herpetofauna of Sonora, Mexico, with comparisons to adjoining states. Check List 5 (3): 632–672 - get paper here
  • Goldberg, S.R. 1987. Larval Cestodes (Mesocestoides sp.) in the Giant Spotted Whiptail, Cnemidophorus burti stictogrammus Journal of Herpetology 21 (4): 337. - get paper here
  • Hardy, Laurence M. and Charles J. Cole 1998. Morphology of a Sterile, Tetraploid, Hybrid Whiptail Lizard (Squamata: Teiidae: Cnemidophorus). American Museum Novitates 3228: 16 pp. - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico with a conservation status summary and comparisons with neighboring states. ZooKeys 931: 85-114 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. (ed.) 2015. Amphibians and Reptiles of the US - Mexico Border States / Anfibios y Reptiles de los Estados de la Frontera México - Estados Unidos. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. x + 614 pp.; ISBN 978-1-62349-306-6. - get paper here
  • Maslin, T. & Secoy, D.M. 1986. A checklist of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae). Contr. Zool. Univ. Colorado Mus. 1: 1-60
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  • Nevárez-de los Reyes; Manuel, David Lazcano, Javier Banda-Leal and Ian Recchio 2014. Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 22: Herpetofauna of the Continental Portion of the Municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 49(8):105-115 - get paper here
  • Pilliod, D., Jeffries, M., Arkle, R. and Olson, D. 2024. Climate Futures for Lizards and Snakes in Western North America May Result in New Species Management Issues. Ecol Evol, 14: e70379 - get paper here
  • REEDER, T.W.; CHARLES J. COLE AND HERBERT C. DESSAUER 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of Whiptail Lizards of the Genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A Test of Monophyly, Reevaluation of Karyotypic Evolution, and Review of Hybrid Origins. American Museum Novitates 3365: 1-64 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1946. Handbook of Lizards: Lizards of the United States and of Canada. Comstock, Ithaca, NY, xxii + 557 pp.
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
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  • Tucker, Derek B.; Guarino R. Colli, Lilian G. Giugliano, S. Blair Hedges, Catriona R. Hendry, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon, Jack W. Sites Jr., R. Alexander Pyron 2016. Methodological congruence in phylogenomic analyses with morphological support for teiid lizards (Sauria: Teiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103: 75-84 - get paper here
  • Turner, D. S., Rorabaugh, J. C., Van Devender, T. R., & Hale, S. F. 2025. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Sierra El Tigre Region, Sonora, Mexico. SONORAN HERPETOLOGIST 38 (2): 81 - get paper here
  • Turner, D. S., Van Devender, T. R., Hale, S. F., Zach, R., Martínez, R., Van Devender, R. W., ... & Paholski, C. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles of Rancho Las Playitas area, Sonora, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist, 35, 50-59 - get paper here
  • Turner, D.S. 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of Sonoita Creek State Natural Area, Arizona. Sonoran Herpetologist 20 (4):38-42. - get paper here
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  • Zweifel,R.G. and Norris,K.S. 1955. Contributions to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico:Descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249 - get paper here
 
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