Epictia schneideri WALLACH, 2016
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Epictia schneideri
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| Higher Taxa | Leptotyphlopidae, Epictinae, Epictini, Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | |
| Synonym | Epictia schneideri WALLACH 2016: 279 Leptotyphlops albifrons — AMARAL 1930b: 138 (part) Leptotyphlops bakewelli — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 24 (part) Leptotyphlops bakewelli — SMITH & SMITH 1976: S-B-128 ff (part) Leptotyphlops bakewelli — SMITH & SMITH 1993: 590 (part) Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 24, 1950: 328 (part); Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — DAVIS & DIXON 1959: 81 Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — HOLMAN 1964: 49 Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — SMITH & SMITH 1976: S-B-130ff (part) Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — SMITH & SMITH 1976: S-B-129ff (part) Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — PETERS et al. 1970 Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — PETERS et al. 1986: 169 (part) Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — LINER, 1994: 90, 2007: 54 (part) Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — WALLACH, 1998a: 490 (part) Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008: 122 (part) Leptotyphlops phenops phenops — SMITH & SMITH 1976: S-B-130 (part) Leptotyphlops goudoti — SMITH & SMITH 1976: S-B-129ff Leptotyphlops goudoti — SMITH & SMITH 1993: 591ff (part) Leptotyphlops goudoti — HAHN 1979: 230.2–3 (part); Leptotyphlops goudoti — FLORES-VILLELA 1993: 35 (part). Leptotyphlops goudoti bakewelli — SMITH & SMITH, 1976: S-B-128ff Leptotyphlops goudoti bakewelli — SMITH & SMITH 1993: 590ff (part) Leptotyphlops goudoti bakewelli — SALDAÑA DE LA RIVA 1987: 39ff (part) Leptotyphlops goudoti bakewelli — PÉREZ-RAMOS et al., 2000: 32 (part) Leptotyphlops goudoti bakewelli — TPTON 2005: 24 (part) Leptotyphlops goudoti bakewelli — VARIN 2008: 122 (part). Leptotyphlops goudotii — SMITH & SMITH 1976: S-B-129ff (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — FRANK & RAMUS 1995: 250 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — HEDGES 1996: 111, 115 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — MCDIARMID et al., 1999: 31 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — KÖHLER 2001a: 123 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — KÖHLER 2001b: 12, fig. 11B (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — KÖHLER 2008: 183–184, map (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — CASAS-ANDREU et al., 2004: 389 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — ADALSTAINSSON 2008: 6ff, figs. 3.2, 3.5 (part); Leptotyphlops goudotii — ANONYMOUS 2009: 69 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — CONABIO, 2009: 17 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — WILSON & JOHNSON 2010: 137, 233 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — WILSON & TOWNSEND 2010: 811 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii — WILSON et al., 2013: 44 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotii phenops — HAHN 1980: 15 (part) Leptotyphlops goudotti bakewelli (sic) — PÉREZ-HIGARAEDA & SMITH 1991: 29 (part). Leptotyphlops gaudoti (sic) — CASAS-ANDREU et al. 1996: 34 (part) Epictia goudotii — ADALSTAINSSON et al. 2009: 7ff, figs. 3A, 12 (part) Epictia goudoti — CONABIO, 2012: 52 (part) Epictia bakewelli — WALLACH et al., 2014: 276 (part) Epictia goudoti — CONABIO 2012: 52 (part) Epictia bakewelli — MATA-SILVA et al., 2015: 23, 41 (part) Epictia goudoti — CONABIO 2012: 52 (part) Epictia bakewelli — MCCRANIE & HEDGES 2016: 4ff, figs. 2, 4 (part) Epictia bakewelli — WILSON & JOHNSON 2016: 38 (part) |
| Distribution | Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur: Guerrero, including Isla Ixtapa, Oaxaca), elevation 825–1,675 m. Type locality: 1.7 km SW Colotlipa, Guerrero, Mexico, 17°23'46"N, 99°10'48"W, elevation 825 m. |
| Reproduction | oviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) |
| Types | Holotype: TCWC 9450 (field no. RWA 543), a 141 mm (LOA) specimen collected by Roy W. Axtell on 23 June 1953. Paratypes (11): MEXICO: GUERRERO: Acahuizotla, 850 m, collected by Ralph W. Axtell on 14 June 1952, TCWC 7502 (field no. RWA 168); 1.7 km W Acahuizotla, collected by John E. Winbery on 11 June 1952, TCWC 7411 (field no. JEW 543); 1.7 km SW Colotlipa, 825 m, collected by D. K. Richards on 2 July 1953, TCWC 9451 (field no. DKR 112); 1.7 km SW Colotlipa, 825 m, collected by D. W. Morris on 29 June 1953, TCWC 9451 (field no. DWM 114); Chilpancingo, 1,290 m, collected by Wilmot W. Brown, Jr., on 15 May 1937, MCZ R-43278. OAXACA: Distrito Putla, 11.7 km S Putla, 760 m, UTEP 5981; Distrito Miahuatlán, San José Lachiguiri, 1,675 m, collected by Thomas B. MacDougall on 3 November 1971, UCM 52580 (field no. TBM 97). No specific lo- cality, collected by Edward H. Taylor, FMNH 99676 (field no. EHT 15935/1015), FMNH 99677 (field no. EHT 15937/1016), FMNH 99678 (field no. EHT 15934/1018), and FMNH 99679 (field no. EHT 15938/1148). |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: (1) scale row formula = 14-14-14; (2) midtail scale rows = 10; (3) total length = 83–181 (x– = 123.6) mm; (4) total midodrsals = 243–265 (x– = 246.8); (5) subcaudals = 13–22 (x– = 18.2); (6) relative body proportion = 42–64 (x– = 53.3); (7) relative tail length = 4.5%–8.7% (x– = 6.6%); (8) relative tail width = 3.3–5.3 (x– = 4.2); (9) relative rostral width = 0.23–0.47 (x– = 0.37); (10) relative eye size = 0.44–0.45 (x– = 0.45); (10) rostral waisted with a posterior constriction, apex truncated, extending beyond eye level; (11) supralabials 2, moderate anterior supralabial reaching mid-eye level but not in contact with supraocular; (12) frontal fused with rostral; (13) supraoculars large and blocky, twice as broad as deep, with posterior borders parallel to those of supranasals; (14) widest anteriormost vertebral scale 2nd; (15) parietals and occipitals subequal, oriented transversely; (16) infralabials 4; (17) cloacal shield semilunate in shape; (18) head brown with a pale spot on upper rostral; (19) dorsum with 3 brown middorsal linear stripes of rectangular-shaped spots bordered by moderate straight yellow lines and a solid brown midlateral stripe covering 2 scales (= 5 dark stripes); (20) venter uniform pale yellow with diffuse brown vermiculations on each scale; (21) midbody stripe formula (3 + 1/1 + 0), and middorsal pattern (3D + 4L); (22) tail with a pale terminal spot covering the 0.5–2 (x– = 1.8) dorsocaudals and 2–7 (x– = 5.2) subcaudals (ventral/dorsal ratio 1.8); and (23) apical spine a small spike. |
| Comment | Synonymy: after Wallach 2016: 279. See this paper also for references. Epictia schneideri presumably represents the new species revealed by the molecular phylogeny of McCranie and Hedges (2016), referred to as E. bakewelli-4 (voucher specimen unknown) in their fig. 2, or an entirely separate discovery if that specimen did not originate from the Sierra Madre del Sur. The two other appar- ently undescribed species, represented as bakewelli-1 (based on mitochondrial genes from UTA 57498 from “between Puerto Escondido and Puerto Angel”) and bakewelli-3 (based on UTA 53657 from “between Mazunte and Piontepanoc”) in fig. 2, originate from coastal localities in Oaxaca. Habitat: pine-oak, deciduous, and semi-evergreen forests Comparisons: see Wallach 2016: 284 for detailed comparisons. |
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