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Eunectes murinus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

IUCN Red List - Eunectes murinus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaBoidae (Boinae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Anaconda, Green Anaconda
G: Große Anakonda
Portuguese: Anaconda, Aragboia, Arigboia, Boiaçu, Boiçu, Boiguaçu, Boiúna, Suaçuboia, Sucuri, Sucuri-Comum, Sucurijú, Sucurijuba, Sucuri-Preta, Sucuriu, Sucuriúba, Sucuriúna, Sucuri-Verde, Sucurujuba, Viborão 
SynonymBoa murina LINNAEUS 1758: 215
Boa scytale LINNAEUS 1758: 214
Boa aboma DAUDIN 1803
Boa anacondo DAUDIN 1803
Boa aquatica WIED-NEUWIED 1823
Boa aquatica — WIED-NEUWIED 1824
Eunectes murinus — WAGLER 1830: 167
Eunectes murinus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1844: 528
Eunectes murinus — BOULENGER 1893: 115
Eunectes murina — IHERING 1911: 323
Eunectes murinus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 200
Eunectes murinus gigas (LATREILLE in BUFFON 1801)
Boa gigas LATREILLE 1802
Eunectes barbouri DUNN & CONANT 1936: 504
Eunectes gigas — BEEBE 1946: 20
Eunectes murinus murinus — DUELLMAN 1978: 227
Eunectes murinus — STRIMPLE et al. 1997
Eunectes murinus — STARACE 1998: 111
Eunectes murinus gigas — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Eunectes murinus gigas — BOOS 2001
Eunectes murinus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 291
Eunectes murinus — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 22
Eunectes murinus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Eunectes akayima RIVAS et al. 2024 
DistributionVenezuela, Colombia, Brazil (Goias, Roraima, Bahia, Sergipe, Ceara, Piauí etc.), Ecuador, E Paraguay, N Bolivia (Beni), NE Peru, Guyana, French Guiana, Trinidad

Type locality: "America". Corrected to Trinidad fide Wüster et al. 2024.  
ReproductionO’Shea et al. (2016) and Shibata et al. (2017) provide evidence for facultative parthenogenesis in this species. Dirksen and Böhme (1998) provided evidence for hybridization between Eunectes murinus and Eunectes notaeus. 
TypesLectotype: ZISP 1441.  Dubois et al. 2024 suggested that a lectotype was based on pl. 29 fig. 1 in Seba 1735, and supposed this specimen was lost.  Wüster et al. 2024 showed that ZISP 1441 agrees in many details with the figure in Seba 1735, l.29, fig. 1 and considered this specimen as the basis for the drawing in Seba 1735. Thus this lectotype is still extant. NRM Lin. 9, erroneously was considered the holotype of Boa murina Linnaeus by McDiarmid et al. 1999: 201 and by Wallach et al. 2014: 287. Dubois et al. 2024: 29 considered it a "doubtful primary syntype". Wüster et al. 2024, however, showed this to be a bonafide syntype and it can be considered a paralectotype of B. murina. 
MPEG 27428 (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi) is not a type. It was erroneously indicated as lectotype of "E. murinus" by Rivas et al. 2024 (p.17). This specimen was only recently collected and thus cannot be part of the type series (syntypes) used by Linnaeus in 1758 to describe Boa murina.

Holotype: ANSP 20892, Island of Marajo, at mouth of Amazon [barbouri]

Holotype: MCNG 1042 (UNELLEZ Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Venezuela), from Hato El Cedral, Apure Estate, Venezuela (7°25’ 0.4” N, 69°19’ 51” W); paratypes: RMNH.RENA.20768, MBUCV 7189 [akayima]
 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2205 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: Amaral (1944) considered E. barbouri indistinguishable from E. murinus. Eunectes murinus gigas (LATREILLE in BUFFON 1801) was synonymized by DIRKSEN & BÖHME 1998. These authors hypothesized that E. murinus hybridizes with E. notaeus but later realized that these “hybrids” are a new species, E. beniensis. They also confirm Strimple 1997 in that E. barbouri is a color variant of E. murinus. Kaiser et al. 2013 rejected the subgeneric name Maxhoserboa Hoser 2012 and synonymized it with Eunectes. Eunectes akayima is preliminarily considered a synonym of E. murinus as it cannot be diagnoses from the latter morphologically and is a sister clade to murinus.

Distribution: The map in Trutnau 1982 is erroneous. Compare to map in DIRKSEN (2000). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Diet: Large E. murinus have been documented to feed on calfs, caimans, young tapirs, and other large animals (BARONE 2006).

Type species: Boa scytale LINNAEUS 1758 is the type species of the genus Eunectes WAGLER 1830. See also Dubois et al. 2024 for a discussion.

Phylogenetics: Tarkhnishvili et al. 2022 conclude that E. notaeus, E. deschauenseei, and E. beniensis are evolutionary species in the sense of Wiley (1978) but they are not completely reproductively isolated and may still hybridize. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin murinus, murina, murinum, referred to mouse or rat. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024)

The genus was named after Greek eu- (ἐΰ-), duly, rightly, well, in accordance with usage + Greek nektes (νήκτης), swimmer. 
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