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Lygophis anomalus (GÜNTHER, 1858)

IUCN Red List - Lygophis anomalus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Golden-belly snake
G: Goldbauchnatter
Portuguese: Cobra-Listrada, Corre-Campo, Jararaca-do-Campo, Jararaca-Listrada, Jararaquinha-D’água, Jararaquinha-D’água-Comum 
SynonymCoronella anomala GÜNTHER 1858
Lygophis rutilus COPE 1862: 80
Coronella pulchella JAN 1863: 251
Coronella pulchella — JAN 1866
Aporophis anomalus — COPE 1877
Coronella pulchella — MÜLLER 1880
Coronella anomala — BOULENGER 1886: 431
Rhadinaea anomala — BOULENGER 1894: 165
Liophis anomala — AMARAL 1925
Liophis anomalus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970 (part.)
Liophis anomalus — DIXON 1989
Liophis anomalus — CEI 1993: 577
Liophis anomalus — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 20
Liophis anomalus — BERNILS et al. 2007
Lygophis anomalus — ZAHER et al. 2009
Lygophis anomalus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 412
Lygophis anomalus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionS Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Uruguay, Paraguay,
N Argentina (Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe, Entre Rios, Corrientes, Chaco, Formosa, Salta)

Type locality: Banks of the Paraná.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH 1946.1.9.13 (and possibly additional specimens). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: ”Los caracteres del grupo, en particular la coloración, lo distinguen de los demás Liophis; de L. flavifrenatus, parecido a una primera impresión, también lo separa el número de hileras de escamas dorsales y su reducción (17-17-13 en aquello).
De L. elegantissimus, muy limitado en su distribución geográfica, la distinción se hace fácilmente por la coloración vertebral llamativa carmín de elegantissimus; con L. vanzolinii hay diferencias significativas en el número de escamas ventrales y de los dientes maxilares.” (Cei 1993: 578)


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CommentSynonymy after CEI 1993.

Syntypes: (2) ANSP 5534, 20823; Paraguay, along Rio Parana and its branches, particularly the Tigre [rutilus]

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin anomalus, irregular, anomalous, deviating from the general rule. (GÜNTHER 1858, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Alcalde, L., Cassano, M.J., Sánchez, R.M. & Belén-Tenorio, A. 2019. Species composition, abundance and diet of a squamate assemblage from the Carnaval stream headwaters (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Urban Ecosyst - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1886. A synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 18: 423-445 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Carreira Vidal, Santiago 2002. Alimentación de los ofidios de Uruguay. Asoc. Herp. Esp., Monograf. Herp. 6, 127 pp. - get paper here
  • Carreira, S.; Brazeiro, A.; Camargo, A.; da Rosa, I.; Canavero, A. & Maneyro, M. 2012. DIVERSITY OF REPTILES OF URUGUAY: KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION GAPS. Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2a época) 21 (1-2): 9-29 - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Cope, E.D. 1862. Synopsis of the species of Holcosus and Ameiva, with diagnoses of new West Indian and South American Colubridae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 60-82. - get paper here
  • Dixon J R 1985. A review of Liophis anomalus and Liophis elegantissimus, and the description of a new species (Serpentes: Colubridae). Copeia 1985 (3): 565-573 - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. 1989. A key and checklist to the neotropical snake genus Liophis with country lists and maps. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (79): 1-40 - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar Machado; Tângela Denise Perleberg and Marco Antonio de Freitas 2016. Herpetofauna from an urban Pampa fragment in southern Brazil: composition, structure and conservation. Check List 12(5): 1964 - get paper here
  • Falcione, Camila; Alejandra Hernando, Diego Andrés Barrasso, Diego Di Pietro 2016. Karyotypes of four species of Xenodontini snakes (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) and implications for taxonomy. Contributions to Zoology, 85 (3): 265-273 - get paper here
  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • Freiberg, M.A. 1982. Snakes of South America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 189 pp. - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1863. Enumerazione sistematica degli ofidi appartenenti al gruppo Coronellidae. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. 2 (2): 213-330 [1862] - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1866. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 17. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Kunz, K. 2012. Delikatessen für Jungschlangen: Froschschenkel und Stint. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (95): 82-84 - get paper here
  • Leynaud, Gerardo C. and Enrique H. Bucher 1999. La fauna de serpientes del Chaco Sudamericano: diversidad, distribución geografica y estado de conservación. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Miscelanea (98):1-46
  • Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press
  • Müller, F. 1880. Erster Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel 7: 120-165 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Panzera, Alejandra and Raúl Maneyro 2014. Feeding Biology of Lygophis anomalus (Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae) . South American J. Herp. 9 (2): 75-82 - get paper here
  • Panzera, Alejandra; José C. Guerrero and Raúl Maneyro 2017. Delimiting the Geographic Distribution of Lygophis anomalus (Günther, 1858) (Squamata, Dipsadidae) from Natural History and Ecological Niche Modeling. South American J. Herp. 12 (1): 24–33 - get paper here
  • Sivan, Jaim; Alejandra Panzera and Raul Maneyro 2016. Male Reproductive Cycle of a Neotropical Snake, Lygophis anomalus (Dipsadidae), in a Temperate Geographic Distribution. South American J. Herp. 11 (2): 114–118 - get paper here
  • Sivan, Jaim; Alejandra Panzera, and Raul Maneyro 2015. Male Reproductive Cycle of a Neotropical Snake, Lygophis anomalus (Dipsadidae), in a Temperate Geographic Distribution. South American J. Herp. Aug 2016, Vol. 11, No. 2: 114-118. - get paper here
  • TOZETTI, A. M., MOSER, C. F., & COLOMBO, P. 2023. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF TAIM, A BRAZILIAN RAMSAR SITE: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND A POSSIBLE CASE OF LOCAL EXTINCTION. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 18(1), 38-47 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Vera, David G, Diego O Di Pietro, Clara Trofino Falasco, Germán Tettamanti, Luciana Iriarte, Micaela Harkes, Federico P Kacoliris, and Igor Berkunsky. 2022. Identifying Key Conservation Sites for the Reptiles of the Tandilia Mountains in Pampas Highlands. Journal for Nature Conservation, 126321 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar de; Bonatto, Sandro L 2009. Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) 49 (11): 115-153 - get paper here
 
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