Micrurus annellatus PETERS, 1871

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae, Elapoidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: (Common) Annellated Coral Snake Portuguese: Cobra-Coral, Cobra-Coral-Anelada, Cobra-Coral-de-Anéis, Coral-Verdadeira
Synonym	Micrurus annellatus annellatus (PETERS 1871) Elaps annellatus PETERS 1871: 402 Micrurus annellatus montanus SCHMIDT 1954 Micrurus annellatus annellatus — WELCH 1994: 79 Micrurus annellatus — LEHR 2002: 99 Micrurus annellatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 442 Micrurus annelatus — CRNOBRNA et al. 2025 Micrurus annellatus balzanii (BOULENGER 1898) Elaps balzanii BOULENGER 1898: 130 Elaps regularis BOULENGER 1902: 402 Micrurus balzanii — SCHMIDT 1936 Micrurus balzani — SCHMIDT & WALKER 1943 Micrurus annellatus balzani — ROZE 1996: 143 Micrurus annellatus balzani — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 149 Micrurus balzani — FRATELES et al. 2026 Micrurus annellatus bolivianus ROZE 1967 Micrurus annellatus bolivianus — ROZE 1996: 143 Micrurus annellatus balzani — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004: 149 Micrurus annellatus bolivianus — FEITOSA et al. 2014 Micrurus bolivianus — SILVA et al. 2021 Micrurus bolivianus — FRATELES et al. 2026 Micrurus bolivianus — GÓMEZ-MURILLO et al. 2025
Distribution	SE Peru, W Brazil montanus: Type locality: Peru, Puno, about 10 km. north of Santo Domingo Mine, Camp 4; elevation about 2,000 meters. Type locality: “Pozuzu” [Pasco Dep., Peru]
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: ZMB 7185 (annelatus) Holotype: ZMH R03025 (formerly no. 2706e), female, vend. H. Holotype: FMH 40221 [montanus]
Diagnosis	Unfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us if you need any of this material.
Comment	Venomous! Distribution: Not in Ecuador fide Torres-Carvajal et al. 2019: 299 ff). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019. Lehr et al. 2021 show the species in E Ecuador, Peru, Amazonian Brazil, and Bolivia (before balzani and bolivianus were removed). Subspecies: the former subspecies Micrurus annellatus balzanii and M. a. bolivianus are now treated as full species by most authors (although there seem to be no DNA sequences for these two taxa).
Etymology	Latin annellatus comes from anellus meaning little ring, thus covered with little rings, alluding to many short bands on the body of this coral snake. M. a. balzanii was named after professor L. Balzan who collected the type to the Genoa Museum. M. a. bolivianus was named after Bolivia.
References	Bernarde, P.S.; M.B. Souza; D.P.F. França; M.A.F. Freitas 2012. Micrurus annellatus annellatus (Peters, 1871) (Serpentes: Elapidae): Distribution extension in the state of Acre, northern Brazil. Check List 8(3):516-517 - get paper here Boulenger, George A. 1902. Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia [Elaps regularis not assigned]. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (7) 10 (59): 394-402 - get paper here Boulenger,G.A. 1898. A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the late Prof. L. Balzan in Boliva. Ann. Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Genova (2) 19: 128-133 - get paper here Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca CATENAZZI, A., LEHR, E. & VON MAY, R. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru. Biota Neotropica 13 (4): 269-283 - get paper here Crnobrna B, Champagne PS, Williams H, Turner H, Panduro Pisco G 2025. Occurrence dataset of reptiles and amphibians from two old-growth forest localities along the Las Piedras River, Tambopata Province, Peru. Biodiversity Data Journal 13: e154136 - get paper here Crnobrna B, Santa-Cruz Farfan R, Gallegos C, López-Rojas JJ, Llanqui IB, Pisco GP, Arbaiza AK 2023. Herpetological records from the Abujao basin, central Peruvian Amazon. Check List 19(4): 433-465 - get paper here Duellman, W. E. 2005. Cusco Amazónico: The Lives of Amphibians and Reptiles in an Amazonian Rainforest. Comstock Pub Assoc. Duellman, W.E., & Salas, A.W. 1991. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Cuzco Amazonico, Peru. Occas. Papers Mus. of Natur. Hist., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence (143): 13 pp. - get paper here Eversole, C. B., Powell, R. L., Rivas, L. R., & Lizarro, D. E. 2024. Reptile Biodiversity and Vulnerability in Bolivia’s Beni Department: Informing Conservation Priorities in a Neglected Frontier. Diversity, 16(6), 335 - get paper here FEITOSA, DARLAN TAVARES; NELSON JORGE DA SILVA JR., MATHEUS GODOY PIRES, HUSSAM ZAHER & ANA LÚCIA DA COSTA PRUDENTE 2015. A new species of monadal coral snake of the genus Micrurus (Serpentes, Elapidae) from western Amazon. Zootaxa 3974 (4): 538–554 Frateles, L. E., Terribile, L., Diniz-Filho, J., Stropp, J., da Costa Prudente, A. L., Feitosa, D., Franco, F., de Souza Nascimento, L., da Silva, N. J., Jr., Rodrigues de Almeida, P., Passos, P., Bosque, R., Bérnils, R., & Meyer, L. 2026. Macroecological correlates of taxonomic uncertainty in New World coralsnakes. Amphibia-Reptilia (published online ahead of print 2026) - get paper here Freitas, M. A. de, Venancio, N. M., Abegg, A. D., Azevedo, W. S, Pereira, V. O., Zanotti, A. P., Veloso, A., Schwarzbach, L., Oliveira, A. G., da Silva, R. C. C., de Amorim, V. R. G. and de Moura, G. J. B. 2020. Herpetofauna at the Rio Acre Ecological Station, Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 13: 33-48. - get paper here Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here Harvey M. B., J. Aparicio E, and L. Gonzalez A. 2003. Revision of the venomous snakes of Bolivia: Part 1. The coralsnakes (Elapidae: Micrurus). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 72: 1-52 - get paper here Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru. Natur und Tier-Verlag (Münster), 208 pp. - get paper here Lehr, E. & Lara, J. 2002. Die Schlangenfauna von Pozuzo (Peru) (Reptilia: Serpentes). Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 22 (2): 353-359 Lehr, E., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. & Yánez-Muñoz, M. 2021. Micrurus annellatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T15202826A15202835 Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1871. Über eine von Hrn. Dr. Robert Abendroth in dem Hochlande von Peru gemachte Sammlung von Amphibien, welche derselbe dem Königl. zoologischen Museum geschenkt hat. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1871 (August): 397-404 - get paper here Rabosky, Daniel L.; Rudolf von May, Michael C. Grundler and Alison R. Davis Rabosky 2019. The Western Amazonian Richness Gradient for Squamate Reptiles: Are There Really Fewer Snakes and Lizards in Southwestern Amazonian Lowlands? Diversity 11: 199; doi:10.3390/d11100199 - get paper here Roze, Jánis A 1967. A checklist of the New World venomous Coral Snakes (Elapidae), with descriptions of new forms. American Museum Novitates (2287): 1-60 - get paper here Schmidt, Karl P. 1936. Preliminary account of coral snakes of South America. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 20 (19): 189-203 - get paper here Schmidt, Karl P. 1954. The annellated coral snake Micrurus annellatus Peters. Fieldiana Zoology 34 (30): 319-325 - get paper here Schmidt, Karl P. & Walker, Warren F. 1943. Peruvian snakes from the University of Arequipa. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Zoology 24 (26): 279-296 - get paper here Silva, Jr., Nelson Jorge da; Darlan Tavares Feitosa, Matheus Godoy Pires, and Ana Lúcia da Costa Prudente 2021. CHAPTER 5. CORALSNAKE DIVERSITY IN BRAZIL. In: Nelson Jorge da Silva Jr. et al. (eds.) Advances in Coralsnake Biology. Eagle Mountain Publishing, pp. 142-252 Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams, Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.herpetology-bolivia.com/reptiles/micrurusannelatus.htm Google images

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