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Riama balneator (KIZIRIAN, 1996)

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Cercosaurinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymProctoporus balneator KIZIRIAN 1996: 100
Proctoporus balneator — DOAN & SCHARGEL 2003
Riama balneator — DOAN & CASTOE 2005 
DistributionEcuador (Tungurahua)

Type locality: Southern versant of [Volcán] Tungurahua [78° 25’ W, 01° 32’ S], 2750 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MHNG 2360.44, female 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: (1) Frontonasal equal to frontal in length; (2) nasoloreal suture absent; (3) supraoculars four or five, none in contact with ciliaries; (4) superciliary series complete, tive; (5) supralabial-subocular fusion absent; (6) postoculars three; (7) postparietals three or four; (8) supratympanic temporals three or four; (9) genials two or three, transverse sutures not perpendicular with respect to midline of body; (10) dorsals rectangular, juxtaposed, in male 27, in gitain 21d 12) trale verse dorsal scale rows in male 43, in female 42; (13) transverse ventral scale rows 22; (14) lateral scale rows two or three; (15) femoral pores in male 11, in female one; scales between femoral pores in male two, in female 21; (16) subdigital scales on Toe I five; (17) limbs slightly overlapping when adpressed against body in adults; (18) anterior cloacal plate scales paired; (19) hemipenial morphology unknown; (20) dorsum gray brown, with small scattered dark brown spots; dorsolateral pale line broken, extends from eye to just posterior to forelimb; venter scales unicolored pale gray brown.
Proctoporus balneator can be distinguished from its congeners by the following (condition for P. balneator in parentheses): All Ecuadorian Proctoporus except P. colomaromani: scales between femoral pores in females 12 or fewer (21). P. cashcaensis, P. colomaromani, P. hypostictus (97%), P. meleagris, P. petrorum, P. raneyi, P. stigmatoral, P. unicolor (95%), P. ventrimaculatus, and P. vespertinus: superciliary series incomplete (complete). All Ecuadorian Proctoporus except P. anatoloros, P. orcesi, P. raneyi, P. stigmatoral, and P. unicolor: usually postparietals two (three or four). P. meleagris (which also occurs on Volcán Tungurahua) has smooth (keeled) dorsal scales, anterior cloacal plate scale single (two; Fig. 5). Species occurring outside of Ecuador: P. luctuosus group: lateral scales more than three (two or three). P. achlyens, P. laevis, and P. luctuosus: nasoloreal suture complete (absent). P. columbianus: dorsal scales smooth (keeled). P. striatus: femoral pores in males 4-9 (11). (Kizirian 1996)


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Comment 
EtymologyThe specific epithet is a Latin noun (in apposition), balneator, -oris in the nominative case, meaning "caretaker of the baths." Baños (Spanish for "baths") is a city near the type locality at the foot of Volcan Tungurahua known for its geothermal springs. The name also alludes to the legend of the Virgin de las Aguas, who performs miracles near Baños. 
References
  • Arteaga, A.; Bustamante, L.; Vieira, J. 2024. Reptiles of Ecuador. Khamai Foundation & Tropical Herping, 1073 pp. - get paper here
  • Doan, T. M. & Castoe, T.A. 2005. Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 143: 405–416. - get paper here
  • Doan, T.M. & Schargel, W.E. 2003. Bridging the gap in Proctoporus distribution: a new species (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Andes of Venezuela. Herpetologica 59 (1): 68-75 - get paper here
  • Kizirian, D. A. 1996. A review of Ecuadorian Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with descriptions of nine new species. Herpetological Monographs 10: 85-155 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
 
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