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Riama simotera (O'SHAUGHNESSY, 1879)

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Cercosaurinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: O'Shaughnessy's Lightbulb Lizard 
SynonymEmphrassotis simoterus O’SHAUGHNESSY 1879: 296
Proctoporus simoterus — BOULENGER 1885: 414
Proctoporus simoterus — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 240
Proctoporus simoterus — KIZIRIAN 1996: 131
Proctoporus simoterus — DOAN & SCHARGEL 2003
Riama simoterus — DOAN & CASTOE 2005
Riama simotera —SANCHEZ-PACHECO 2010 
DistributionEcuador (western slopes of Andes, 2000-3300 m elevation), Colombia (Nariño)

Type locality: Intac, Ecuador.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.9.1.6 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1509 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentType species: Emphrassotis simoterus O’SHAUGHNESSY 1879: 296 is the type species of the genus Emphrassotis O’SHAUGHNESSY 1879.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyKIZIRIAN (1996) was uncertain of the etymology of the specific epithet, simoterus, except that it is considered to be an adjective. The first part of the name, simo-, may be derived from the Greek word simo meaning "pug-nosed," a characteristic mentioned in the first sentence of the original description. 
References
  • Arteaga, A.; Bustamante, L.; Vieira, J. 2024. Reptiles of Ecuador. Khamai Foundation & Tropical Herping, 1073 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Doan, T. M. & Castoe, T.A. 2005. Phylogenetic taxonomy of the Cercosaurini (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with new genera for species of Neusticurus and Proctoporus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 143: 405–416. - get paper here
  • Doan, T.M. & Schargel, W.E. 2003. Bridging the gap in Proctoporus distribution: a new species (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from the Andes of Venezuela. Herpetologica 59 (1): 68-75 - get paper here
  • Kizirian, D. A. 1996. A review of Ecuadorian Proctoporus (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) with descriptions of nine new species. Herpetological Monographs 10: 85-155 - get paper here
  • O’Shaughnessy,A.W.E. 1879. Description of new species of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 4: 295-303 - get paper here
  • Páez, V.P. et al. 2002. Guía de campo de algunas especies de anfibios y reptiles de Antioquia. Universidad de Antioquia, - get paper here
  • Reyes-Puig, C., Brito-Zapata, D., Guayasamin, J.M. et al. 2025. Diversity of amphibians and squamate reptiles in the upper Napo River basin, Ecuador. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY (2025) - get paper here
  • Sánchez-Pacheco, S. , Aguirre-Peñafiel, V. , Torres-Carvajal, O. 2012. Lizards of the genus Riama (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae): the diversity in southern Ecuador revisited. South American J. Herp. 7 (3): 259-275 - get paper here
  • Sánchez-Pacheco, S.J. 2010. A New “Microteiid” Lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae: Riama) from Southwestern Colombia. Herpetologica 66 (3): 349-356 - get paper here
  • Sánchez-Pacheco, Santiago J., José Vicente Rueda-Almonacid andMarco Rada 2010. Notes on the occurrence of Riama simotera (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) in Colombia. Herpetological Bulletin (113) - get paper here
  • Sánchez-Pacheco, Santiago J.; David A. Kizirian, and Pedro M. Sales-Nunes 2011. A New Species of Riama from Ecuador Previously Referred to as Riama hyposticta (Boulenger, 1902) (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae). American Museum Novitates (3719): 1-15 - get paper here
  • Sanchez-Pacheco. Santiago J. 2010. Lectotype designation and redescription of the Gymnophthalmid Lizard Riama columbiana (Andersson, 1914) with notes on the type locality. Papeis Avulsos de Zool. 50 (2): 31-41 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
 
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