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Thrasops flavigularis (HALLOWELL, 1852)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Yellow-throated Bold-eyed Tree snake 
SynonymDendrophis flavigularis HALLOWELL 1852: 205
Dendrophis flavigularis — HALLOWELL 1857: 66
Thrasops flavigularis — HALLOWELL 1857: 67
Hapsidophrys niger GÜNTHER 1872: 25
Thrasops pustulatus BUCHHOLZ & PETERS 1875: 199
Thrasops flavigularis — BOETTGER 1889: 279
Thrasops flavigularis — BOULENGER 1894: 105
Thrasops flavigularis — BOULENGER 1897: 278
Thrasops flavigularis — MERTENS 1965: 233
Thrasops flavigularis — BROADLEY 1998
Thrasops flavigularis — PAUWELS et al. 2004
Thrasops flavigularis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 730 
DistributionSW Nigeria, Gabon, Cameroon, E Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea

Type locality: see comment (in error). Corrected to Gabon fide Loveridge (1944: 132).

Type locality: “Cameruns [Cameroon], Mungo [Angola]” [Thrasops pustulatus]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 8335 (unlocated) [Thrasops pustulatus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dorsal scales in 13-15 rows at midbody; the dorsals much longer than the ventrals; ventrals 191-214; subcaudals 128-146; usually 2 labials in contact with the lowest postocular; no enlarged occipitals (Broadley & Wallach 2002).


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CommentDistribution: Not in Benin according to ULLENBRUCH et al. 2010. Has been erroneously listed for Benin but does not occur there (Hughes 2013); not in Liberia or Sierra Leone fide TRAPE & BALDÉ 2014: 320. For a map with localities in Equatorial Guinea see SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022.

HABITAT: Lowland forest, fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018)

Type species: Dendrophis flavigularis HALLOWELL 1852: 20 is the type species of the genus Thrasops HALLOWELL 1857.

Type locality: “Liberia”, later corrected to Gabon.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
Etymologynamed after its yellow throat (Latin “flavus = yellow, Latin “gula” = throat).

The genus was named after Greek thrasos (θράσος), courage, boldness + Greek ops (ὄψ), the eye, face. ["…θράσος, audax, and ὄψ, oculus…”]. 
References
  • Boettger, O. 1889. Herpetologische Miscellen. [I Epirus, II Corfu, III Kamerun, IV Gross-Namaland, V Transvaal, VI. Pondoland, VII Madagascar, VIII Madras, IX Java, X Nias, XI Nordwest-Peru]. Bericht senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt): 267-316 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1897. A list of reptiles and batrachians from the Congo Free State, with the description of two new snakes. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 19: 276-281 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • BROADLEY, D. G. & V. WALLACH 2002. Review of the Dispholidini, with the description of a new genus and species from Tanzania (Serpentes, Colubridae). Bull. nat.Hist. Mus. Lond (Zool.), 68(2): 57-74. - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1998. The reptilian fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). In: Schmidt, K.P. and Noble, G.K., Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo... [reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers]. SSAR Facsimile reprints in Herpetology, 780 pp.
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, Laurent and Ivan Ineich 2006. Biogeography of the reptiles of the Central African Republic. African Journal of Herpetology 55(1):23-59. - get paper here
  • Günther,A. 1872. Seventh account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 9: 13-37 [OCR errors] - get paper here
  • Hallowell,E. 1852. On a new genus and two new species of African serpents. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1852: 203-205 - get paper here
  • Hallowell,E. 1857. Notes of a collection of reptiles from the Gaboon country, West Africa, recently presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by Dr. Herny A. Ford. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 9: 48-72 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • Menzies, J.I. 1966. The snakes of Sierra Leone. Copeia 1966 (2): 169-179. - get paper here
  • Mertens,R. 1965. Die Reptilien von Fernando Po. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 15: 211-238 [1964] - get paper here
  • Olayinka, O. D., Lewiska, O. F., & Akeem, L. G. 2025. Snake diversity and their morphometric parameters in a Guinea Savanna forest of Nigeria. Brazilian Journal of Science, 4(9), 42-52 - get paper here
  • Pauwels OSG, Morelle S, Albert J-L, Carlino P, Rahola N, Trape J-F. 2019. New reptile records from Lékédi Park and Haut-Ogooué Province, southeastern Gabon. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1) [General Section]: 143–161 (e174) - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O. S. G. B. Le Garff, I. Ineich, P. Carlino, I. Melcore, L. Boundenga, C. Vigna, T. Stévart, K. Jeffery, C. Orbell, J.-B. Squarcini, J. P. Vande weghe and L. J. T. White 2016. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica V & VI. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 51: 177 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G. & Vande Weghe, J.P. 2008. Les reptiles du Gabon. Smithsonian Institution, Washington: 272 pp. - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G.; David, P. 2008. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica I. Hamadryad 32 (1): 13 – 18 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G.; William R. Branch and Marius Burger 2004. REPTILES OF LOANGO NATIONAL PARK, OGOOUÉ-MARITIME PROVINCE, SOUTH-WESTERN GABON. Hamadryad 29 (1): 115 – 127 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Edmund W. Basham , Abraham Bamba Kaya , Piero Carlino , Hans Kevin Mipounga , Laurent Chirio and Colin R. Tilbury 2025. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica XXII. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 60(12):165-174
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1875. Über die Hrn. Professor Dr. R. Buchholz in Westafrika gesammelten Amphibien. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1875 (März): 196-212 - get paper here
  • Sánchez-Vialas, A., CALVO-REVUELTA, M. & DE LA RIVA, I. 2022. Synopsis of the terrestrial Reptiles of Equatorial Guinea. Zootaxa 5202 (1): 1-197 - get paper here
  • Sinsin B, Bergmans W(eds) 1999. Rongeurs, ophidiens et relations avec l’environnement agricole du Bénin. Cotonou (Éd. Flamboyant), 199 pp.
  • Stucki-Stirn, M.C. 1979. A comparative study of the herpetological fauna of the former West Cameroon, Africa: with a classification and synopsis of 95 different snakes and descriptions of some new sub-species. Herpeto-Verlag, Teuffenthal, Switzerland 650 pp.
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995. Les serpents du Congo: liste commentée et clé de détermination. Journal of African Zoology 109 (1): 31-50
  • TRAPE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS & CELLOU BALDÉ 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900 (3): 301–338 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams, Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1899. Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Deutsch-Neu-Guinea grösstentheils aus dem k. Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 49: 132-157 - get paper here
 
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