You are here » home › advanced search › search results › Montivipera raddei

Montivipera raddei (BOETTGER, 1890)

iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Montivipera raddei?

Add your own observation of
Montivipera raddei »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaViperidae, Viperinae, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesMontivipera raddei albicornuta (NILSON & ANDREN 1985)
Montivipera raddei raddei (BOETTGER 1890)
Montivipera raddei kurdistanica (NILSON & ANDRÉN 1986)
Montivipera raddei kuhrangica RAJABIZADEH, NILSON & KAMI 2011
Montivipera raddei latifii (MERTENS, DAREVSKY & KLEMMER 1967) 
Common NamesE: Caucasus Viper
G: Armenische Bergotter, Raddes Otter
E: Latifi's Viper [latifii]
E: Kuhrang mountain viper [kuhrangica] 
SynonymVipera raddei BOETTGER 1890: 62
Vipera xanthina — STRAUCH 1869: 73 (not of GRAY 1849)
Coluber raddei — NIKOLSKY 1916: 250
Vipera lebetina raddei — SCHWARZ 1936: 240
Daboia raddei — ENGELMANN et al. 1993
Vipera (Montivipera) raddei — NILSON et al. 1999: 101
Vipera raddei — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 407
Montivipera raddei — WERNING & WOLF 2007
Montivipera raddei — GARRIGUES et al. 2005
Vipera (Montivipera) raddei — VENCHI & SINDACO 2006
Montivipera raddei — WALLACH et al. 2014: 459

Montivipera raddei raddei (BOETTGER 1890)
Vipera raddei BOETTGER 1890
Vipera xanthina raddei — MERTENS 1952
Daboia raddei raddei — OBST 1983: 233
Vipera raddei raddei — WELCH 1994: 123
Montivipera raddei raddei — RAJABIZADEH et al. 2011

Montivipera raddei albicornuta (NILSON & ANDREN 1985)
Vipera albicornuta NILSON & ANDREN 1985
Vipera albicornuta — WELCH 1994: 119
Vipera albicornuta — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999
Montivipera albicornuta — RASTEGAR-POUYANI et al. 2008
Montivipera albicornuta — RAJABIZADEH et al. 2011
Montivipera albicornuta — SAFDARIAN et al. 2016
Montivipera albicornuta — TUNIYEV et al. 2019
Montivipera albicornuta — AHMADI et al. 2021

Montivipera raddei kurdistanica (NILSON & ANDRÉN 1986)
Vipera raddei kurdistanica NILSON & ANDRÉN 1986
Vipera raddei kurdistanica — WELCH 1994: 123
Vipera kurdistanica — NILSON et al. 1999
Montivipera raddei kurdistanica — RAJABIZADEH et al. 2011
Montivipera raddei kurdistanica — KUCHARZEWSKI 2011

Montivipera raddei latifii (MERTENS, DAREVSKY & KLEMMER 1967)
Vipera latifii MERTENS, DAREVSKY & KLEMMER 1967
Daboia (Daboia) raddei latifii — OBST 1983: 233
Vipera raddei latifii — GOLAY et al. 1993
Vipera latifii — WELCH 1994: 121
Vipera (Montivipera) latifii — NILSON et al. 1999: 101
Vipera latifii — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 406
Montivipera latifii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 459
Montivipera latifi — KAMALI 2020
Montivipera latifi — AHMADI et al. 2021

Montivipera raddei kuhrangica RAJABIZADEH, NILSON & KAMI 2011
Montivipera kuhrangica RAJABIZADEH, NILSON & KAMI 2011
Montivipera kuhrangica — WALLACH et al. 2014: 458
Montivipera kuhrangica — BEHROOZ et al. 2018
Montivipera kuhrangica — KAMALI 2020: 445 
DistributionS Armenia, Nakhichevan (Azerbaijan), NE Turkey, NW Iran

raddei: E Turkey, NW Iran, adjacent Turkmenistan. Type locality: Kasikoparan in Armenien. Elevation up to 3000 m.

albicornuta: NW Iran; Type locality: Abhar in the Zanjan valley, between Tabriz and Teheran, NW Iran.

kurdistanica: SE Turkey, adjacent Iraq and Iran.

latifii: Iran (Tehran Province: Alborz Mountains); Type locality: Hochtal von Lar (2180-2900 m elevation), süd-westliche des Demavend-Gipfels im Elburs-Gebirge, nordöstlich von Teheran, Iran.

kuhrangica: Iran (Chaharmahal, Bakhtiari: central Zagros mountains); Type locality: Tulip valley (Darreye Lale or Dashte Lale) (32°36’ N 50°11’ E), 8 km north east of Chelgerd village, Kuhrang region, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province (the province is located in highest part of central Zagros mountains), Iran, elevation 2490 m.  
Reproduction(ovo-) viparous. 
TypesSyntypes: lost, formerly ZMT (= Georgian Museum in Tbilisi), now lost fide NILSON & ANDREN 1986; Topotype: BMNH
Holotype: RSI 3098 [albicornuta]
Holotype: RSI 3128 [kurdistanica]
Holotype: SMF 62585 [latifii]
Holotype: ZMGU 2203, Male [kuhrangica] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (raddei): Nilson & Andrén 1986: 52


Unfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data. However, these details, e.g. detailed descriptions (about about 1.58 pages) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us if you need any of this material. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: Vipera albicornuta NILSON & ANDREN 1985 is a synonym of V. raddei (GOLAY et al. 1993 and JOGER, pers. comm.) although several authors have treated it as separate species. GOLAY et al. 1993 also treat V. latifi as subspecies of V. raddei. Freitas et al. 2020 call both latifi and kuhrangica “doubtful” and suggest to synonymize them with raddei (although they do not formally synonymize them). The phylogenetic analysis by Ahmadi et al. 2021 support subspecies status of latifi and kuhrangica status too, even though they list them as species.

Distribution: for a map with localities in Turkey see Mebert et al. 2020: 172 (Fig. 2). For maps see Sindaco et al. 2013, Ahmadi et al. 2021: Fig. 1.

NCBI taxonID: 1170833 [latifii]
NCBI taxonID: 1628891 [kuhrangica]
RDB speciesID: 16509 [latifii]
RDB speciesID: 16508 [kuhrangica]

Etymology (latifi): Named after the collector of the type, Dr. M. Latifi.
Etymology (kuhrangica): named after the type locality in the Kuhrang region. 
EtymologyNamed after G.v. Radde who sent the types to Boettger (but which were collected by Christoph).

M. r. kurdistanica ws named after its distribution in Kurdistan (SE Turkey, adjacent Iraq) 
References
  • Ahmadi, M., Hemami, M. R., Kaboli, M., Ghane-Ameleh, S., & Malekian, M. 2024. Conservation Biogeography of Mountain Vipers: A Phylogenetic Niche Modelling Approach. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • Ahmadi, M., Hemami, MR., Kaboli, M. et al. 2021. The legacy of Eastern Mediterranean mountain uplifts: rapid disparity of phylogenetic niche conservatism and divergence in mountain vipers. BMC Ecol Evo 21, 130 - get paper here
  • Andren, C. and Nilson, G. 1979. Vipera latifii (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) an endangered viper from Lar Valley, Iran, and remarks on the sympatric herpetofauna. Journal of Herpetology 13 (3): 335-341 - get paper here
  • Arakelyan, Marine S.; Felix D. Danielyan, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, and Alan E. Leviton 2011. The Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 154 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-916984-84-7.]
  • Behrooz, Roozbeh; Mohammad Kaboli, Véronique Arnal, Masoud Nazarizadeh, Atefeh Asadi, Amin Salmanian, Mohsen Ahmadi, Claudine Montgelard; 2018. Conservation Below The Species Level: Suitable Evolutionarily Significant Units Among Mountain Vipers (The Montivipera Raddei Complex) in Iran. Journal of Heredity, esy005, - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1890. Eine neue Viper aus Armenien. Zool. Anz. 13: 62-64 - get paper here
  • Cundall, D. 2009. Viper Fangs: Functional Limitations of Extreme Teeth. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology: Ecological and Evolutionary Approaches, 82(1), 63–79 - get paper here
  • Engelmann, W.E. et al. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp.
  • Ettling, Jeff; Aram Aghasyan, Levon Aghasyan 2012. Envenomation by an Armenian Viper, Montivipera raddei (Boettger, 1890): A Case History. Russ. J. Herpetol. 19 (3): 203–206 - get paper here
  • Ettling, Jeffery A. and Patricia G. Parker 2017. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Armenian Vipers, Montivipera raddei, in Two Landscapes: Implications for Conservation. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 12 (2) - get paper here
  • Ettling, Jeffery A.; Levon A. Aghasyan, Aram L. Aghasyan, and Patricia G. Parker 2013. Spatial Ecology of Armenian Vipers, Montivipera raddei, in a Human-Modified Landscape . Copeia Mar 2013, Vol. 2013, No. 1: 64-71. - get paper here
  • Ettling, Jeffery A.; Levon A. Aghasyan, Aram L. Aghasyan, Patricia G. Parker 2016. Spatial Ecology of Armenian Vipers, Montivipera raddei, in Two Different Landscapes: Human-Modified vs. Recovered-Natural. Russ. J. Herpetol. 23 (2): 93-102 - get paper here
  • Franzen,M. & Sigg, H. 1989. Bemerkungen zu einigen Schlangen Ostanatoliens. Salamandra 25 (3-4): 203-212 - get paper here
  • Garrigues, Thomas; Catherine Dauga; Elisabeth Ferquel; Valérie Choumet and Anna-Bella Failloux 2005. Molecular phylogeny of Vipera Laurenti, 1768 and the related genera Macrovipera (Reuss, 1927) and Daboia (Gray, 1842), with comments about neurotoxic Vipera aspis aspis populations. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution <br />Volume 35 (1): 35-47 - get paper here
  • Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Gholamifard, A 2011. Endemism in the reptile fauna of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 7 (1) - get paper here
  • Gruber, U. 2009. Die Schlangen Europas, 2. Aufl. Kosmos Naturführer, 266 pp.
  • HASSANIAN-MOGHADDAM, HOSSEIN; SEYED MOSTAFA MONZAVI, FARSHAD MAZDA SHIRAZI, DAVID A. WARRELL & OMID MEHRPOUR. 2022. First report of a confirmed case of Montivipera latifii (Latifi’s viper) envenoming and a literature review of envenoming by Montivipera species. Toxicon 207: 48–51. - get paper here
  • Hromadka, J. 1979. Vipera latifii a new species of snake. Ziva 27 (1): 26-27
  • Joger,U. & M. Meder. 1997. Taxonomic Resolution of the Vipera xanthina Complex. In: Herpetology '97, Abstracts of the Third World Congress of Herpetology 2-10 August 1997 Prague, Czech Republic, Rocek,Z. & S. Hart (eds.), 244 p.:106.
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • KUCHARZEWSKI, C 2011. OLD WORLD VIPERS. A natural history of the Azemiopinae and Viperinae von Tony PHELPS – Anmerkungen, Ergänzungen, Korrekturen. Sauria 33 (3): 19-42 - get paper here
  • Leviton,A.E.; Anderson,S.C.; Adler, K.; Minton,S.A. 1992. Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. SSAR, Oxford, Ohio (Contr. to Herpetol. No. 8), 1-252
  • Mallow, D. Ludwig, D. & Nilson, G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger, Malabar, Florida, 410 pp. [review in HR 35: 200, Reptilia 35: 74]
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Mebert, Konrad; Bayram Göçmen, Mert Karış, Naşit İğci, and Sylvain Ursenbacher 2016. The Valley of Four Viper Species and a Highland of Dwarfs: Fieldwork on Threatened Vipers in Northeastern Turkey. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 23 (1): 1-9 - get paper here
  • Mebert, Konrad; Bayram Göçmen, Naşİt İğcİ, Mehmet Anil Oğuz, Mert Kariş & Sylvain Ursenbacher 2015. New records and search for contact zones among parapatric vipers in the genus Vipera (barani, kaznakovi, darevskii, eriwanensis), Montivipera (wagneri, raddei), and Macrovipera (lebetina) in northeastern Anatolia. Herpetological Bulletin (133) - get paper here
  • Mebert, Konrad; Bayram Göçmen, Naşit İğci, Mert Kariş, Mehmet Anıl Oğuz, Mehmet Zülfü Yıldız, Alexandre Teynié, Nikolaus Stümpel, and Sylvain Ursenbacher 2020. Mountain Vipers in Central-Eastern Turkey: Huge Range Extensions for Four Taxa Reshape Decades of Misleading Perspectives. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 15 (1): - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Türkiye amfibi ve reptilleri hakkinda. Amphibien und Reptilien aus der Türkei. Rev. Istanbul Üniversitesi fen Fakültesi Mecmuasi, 17:41-75. - get paper here
  • Mertens, R., Darevsky,I.S. & K. Klemmer. 1967. Vipera latifii, eine neue Giftschlange aus dem Iran. Senckenbergiana biologica 48 (3): 161-168.
  • Nikolsky, A. M. 1916. Faune de la Russie, Reptiles Vol. 2, Ophidia. Petrograd, 396 pp. [English translation by A. Mercado, Israel and Smithsonian Institution, 247 pp.]
  • Nilson G; Andren C 1985. Systematics of the Vipera xanthina complex (Reptilia: Viperidae). 1. A new Iranian viper in the raddei species-group. Amphibia-Reptilia 6 (2): 207-214 - get paper here
  • Nilson G; Andren C 1986. The mountain vipers of the Middle East - the Vipera xanthina complex (Reptilia: Viperidae). Bonner Zool. Monogr. 20: 1-90 - get paper here
  • Nilson, G., Andren, C., & Flärdh, B. 1988. Die Vipern der Türkei. Salamandra 24 (4): 215-247 - get paper here
  • Nilson,G.; TUNIYEV,B.; ANDRÉN,C.; ORLOV,N.; JOGER,U. & HERRMANN,H. W. 1999. Taxonomic position of the Vipera xanthina complex. Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 99-102
  • Obst, F.J. 1983. Zur Kenntnis der Schlangengattung Vipera. Zool. Abh. staatl. Mus. Tierkunde Dresden 38: 229-235
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Phelps, T. 2010. Old World Vipers. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 558 pp. [critical review in Sauria 33 (3): 19 and HR 43: 503]
  • Rajabizadeh, M. 2018. Snakes of Iran. [in Farsi] Tehran: Iranshenasi, 496 pp. [2017 ?] - get paper here
  • Rajabizadeh, Mahdi 2013. Biodiversity of the snakes in northern and western mountains of Iran, with special emphasis on biodiversity in colubroids. Thesis, U Gent, VI + 227 pp. - get paper here
  • Rajabizadeh, Mahdi; Dominique Adriaens, Mohammad Kaboli, Jaleh Sarafraz, Mohsen Ahmadi 2015. Dorsal colour pattern variation in Eurasian mountain vipers (genus Montivipera): A trade-off between thermoregulation and crypsis. Zoologischer Anzeiger 257: 1–9; doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2015.03.006 - get paper here
  • Rajabizadeh, Mehdi; Ali Yazdanpanah, Sylvain Ursenbacher 2012. Preliminary analysis of dorsal pattern variation and sexual dimorphism in Montivipera latifii (Mertens, Darevsky and Klemmer, 1967) (Ophidia: Viperidae). Acta Herpetologica 7 (1): 13-21 - get paper here
  • Rajabizadeh, Mehdi; Göran Nilson, and Haji Gholi Kami 2011. A New Species of Mountain Viper (Ophidia: Viperidae) from the Central Zagros Mountains, Iran. Russ. J. Herpetol. 18 (3): 235 – 240 - get paper here
  • RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH; HAJI GHOLI KAMI, MEHDI RAJABZADEH, SOHEILA SHAFIEI AND STEVEN CLEMENT ANDERSON 2008. Annotated Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 4 (1): 7-30
  • Rieser, Jennifer M.; Tai-De Li, Jessica L. Tingle, Daniel I. Goldman, Joseph R. Mendelson 2021. Functional consequences of convergently evolved microscopic skin features on snake locomotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Feb 2021, 118 (6) e2018264118; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018264118 - get paper here
  • Safdarian, Parvaneh; Fatemeh Todehdehghanb, Vida Hojatia & Abdolhossein Shiravi 2016. Seasonal changes in the testicular activity of the Iranian Mountain Viper, Montivipera albicornuta (Nilson & Andrén, 1985) (Reptilia: Viperidae). Zoology in the Middle East 62 (1): 39-45 - get paper here
  • Sanz, L.; Ayvazyan, N.; Calvete, J.J. 2008. Snake venomics of the Armenian mountain vipers Macrovipera lebetina obtusa and Vipera raddei. Journal of Proteomics 71(2):198-209. - get paper here
  • Schmidt, D. & Kunz, K. 2005. Ernährung von Schlangen. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 159 pp. - get paper here
  • Schwarz,E. 1936. Untersuchungen über Systematik und Verbreitung der europäischen und mediterranen Ottern. In: Die europäischen und mediterranen Ottern und ihre Gifte. Behringwerk-Mitteilungen 7: 159-362
  • Sigg, H. 1987. Ein erster Fund von Vipera raddei kurdistanica in der Südosttürkei. Herpetofauna 9 (48): 24-26 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Sindaco, Roberto; Alberto Venchi, Giuseppe M. Carpaneto, Marco A. Bologna 2000. The Reptiles of Anatolia: a Checklist and Zoogeographical analysis. Biogeographia, 21-2000: 441-554. - get paper here
  • Strauch, A. 1869. Synopsis der Viperiden nebst Bemerkungen über die geographische Verbreitung dieser Giftschlangen-Familie. Mem. Acad. imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg (7) 14 (6): 1-144 - get paper here
  • Stümpel, Nikolaus; Mehdi Rajabizadeh, Aziz Avcı, Wolfgang Wüster, Ulrich Joger 2016. Phylogeny and diversification of mountain vipers (Montivipera, Nilson et al. 2001) triggered by multiple Plio-Pleistocene refugia and high-mountain topography in the Near and Middle East. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.025 - get paper here
  • Tuniyev, B.S.; N.L. Orlov, N.B. Ananjeva and A.L. Aghasyan 2019. Snakes of the Caucasus: taxonomic diversity, distribution, conservation. St. Petersburg, Moscow. KMK Scientific Press. 2019. 276 pp. - get paper here
  • Venchi, Alberto and Roberto Sindaco 2006. Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 -Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova, XCVIII: 259-364
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams, Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werning, H. & Wolf, C. 2007. Gebirge und Hochland - Reptilien und Amphibien in einem extremen Lebensraum. Draco 7 (27): 4-27 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:


Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator