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Ctenosaura nolascensis SMITH, 1972

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Higher TaxaIguanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Nolasco Spiny-tailed Iguana, San Pedro Nolasco Spinytail Iguana
S: Garrobo de Isla San Pedro Nolasco 
SynonymCtenosaura hemilopha nolascensis SMITH 1972: 107
Ctenosaura nolascensis — GRISMER 1999
Ctenosaura nolascensis — LINER 2007
Ctenosaura nolascensis — JONES & LOVICH 2009
Ctenosaura nolascensis — LOVICH et al. 2009
Ctenosaura nolascensis — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionMexico (endemic to Isla San Pedro Nolasco)

Type locality: "Isla San Pedro Nolasco, Sonora".  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: UCM (Univ. Colorado Mus. Nat. Hist.) 26391, subadult male 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS. A geographic segment of C. hemilopha restricted to Isla San Pedro Nolasco, with enlarged scales of middorsal crest extending posteriorly no farther than a level about two-thirds the distance from axilla to groin; with rare exception, all whorls of enlarged scales separated from adjacent whorls by at least a partial second row of small scales on ventral surface of tail; a second row at least partially represented on dorsal surface through anterior 3-12 whorls (seldom more than 6); a third row at least partially represented in 5-7, usually 6 whorls; ventral surfaces of subadults with scattered rounded dark spots about ⅓ diameter of tympanum; arm all black, lacking light bars, in adults; hind leg reticulated with black above, bars scarcely evident, in adults. (Smith 1972)


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CommentAbundance: only known from the type locality (Meiri et al. 2017). 
References
  • Alberts, A.C.; Carter, R.L.; Hayes, W.K. & Martins, E.P. (eds.) 2004. Iguanas - Biology and Conservation. University of California Press, 356 pp. - get paper here
  • Avery, D. F.; Tanner, W. W. 1971. Evolution of the iguanine lizards (Sauria, Iguanidae) as determined by osteological and myological characters. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin 12 (3): 1-79
  • Blázquez, M.C.; Rodríguez Estrella, R. & Munguía VEga, A. 2006. Characterization of 10 microsatellite loci in the spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura hemilopha. Molecular Ecology Notes 6: 753–755 - get paper here
  • Bocourt, M. F 1882. Note sur les espèces appartenant au genre Ctenosaura. Le Naturaliste 2: 47 - get paper here
  • Buckley, Larry J.; Kevin de Queiroz, Tandora D. Grant, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, John B. Iverson (Chair, <br />Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Catherine L. Stephen (Iguana Taxonomy Working Group, ITWG 2016. A Checklist of the Iguanas of the World (Iguanidae; Iguaninae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Cook, David G. and Dennis Haussler. 2013. Ctenosaura hemilopha (Baja California spiny-tailed iguana) dispersal phenomenon. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 321-322 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1867. On the REPTILIA and BATRACHIA of the Sonoran Province of the Nearctic Region. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18 [1866]: 300-314 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1886. On the species of Iguaninae. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 23 (122): 261-271 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, México. Herpetologica 55 (4): 446-469 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Köhler, G.; W. Schroth & B. Streit 2000. Systematics of the Ctenosaura group of lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (2): 177-191 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, J.A. & Smith, H.M. 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 613 pp.
  • Leviton, Alan E.; Banta, Benjamin H. 1964. Midwinter reconnaissance of the herpetofauna of the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 30 (7): 127-156 - get paper here
  • Lovich, R.E.; Grismer, L.L. & Danemann, G. 2009. CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE HERPETOFAUNA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA, MÉXICO AND ASSOCIATED ISLANDS IN THE SEA OF CORTEZ AND PACIFIC OCEAN. Herp. Cons. Biol. 4 (3):358-378 - get paper here
  • Lowe,C.H. and Norris,K.S. 1955. Analysis of the herpetofauna of Baja California, Mexico. III. New and revived reptilian subspecies of Isla San Esteban, Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico, with notes on other islands in the Gulf of California. Herpetologica 11: 89-96 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W., Copp, J.F., & Breedlove, D.E. 1976. Notes on the herpetofauna of western Mexico: new records from Sinaloa and the Tres Marias Islands. Contributions in Science, Los Angeles (275): 1-17 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions 24 (2): 262-273 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl Patterson 1922. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Lower California and the Neighboring Islands. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 46 (11): 607-707 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. 1935. Miscellaneous notes on Mexican lizards. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 22: 119-156 - get paper here
  • Smith,H.M. 1972. The sonoran subspecies of the lizard Ctenosaura hemilopha. Great Basin Naturalist 32 (2): 104-111 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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