Leiocephalus personatus (COPE, 1863)
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Leiocephalus personatus
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| Higher Taxa | Leiocephalidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | Leiocephalus personatus personatus COPE 1863 Leiocephalus personatus actites SCHWARTZ 1967 Leiocephalus personatus agraulus SCHWARTZ 1967 Leiocephalus personatus budeni SCHWARTZ 1967 Leiocephalus personatus elattoprosopon GALI, SCHWARTZ, & SUAREZ 1988 Leiocephalus personatus mentalis COCHRAN 1932 Leiocephalus personatus poikilometes SCHWARTZ 1969 Leiocephalus personatus pyrrholaemus SCHWARTZ 1971 Leiocephalus personatus scalaris COCHRAN 1932 Leiocephalus personatus socoensis GALI & SCHWARTZ 1982 Leiocephalus personatus tarachodes SCHWARTZ 1967 Leiocephalus personatus trujilloensis MERTENS 1939 |
| Common Names | E: Hispaniolan Masked Curlytail, Haitian Curlytail Lizard G: Bunter Maskenleguan |
| Synonym | Liocephalus [sic] personatus COPE 1863:182 Liocephalus (sic) trigeminatus COPE 1863: 183 Liocephalus personatus — BOULENGER 1885: 164 Leiocephalus personatus — COCHRAN 1932 (part) Leiocephalus personatus personatus — BARBOUR 1935: 120 Leiocephalus personatus — SCHWARTZ 1967: 4 Leiocephalus personatus personatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 440 Leiocephalus personatus — REIPRICH 2009 Leiocephalus personatus actites SCHWARTZ 1967: 14 Leiocephalus personatus actites — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus actites — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus agraulus SCHWARTZ 1967: 21 Leiocephalus personatus agraulus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus agraulus — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus budeni SCHWARTZ 1967: 19 Leiocephalus personatus budeni — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus budeni — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus elattoprosopon GALI, SCHWARTZ, & SUAREZ, 1988 Leiocephalus personatus elattoprosopon — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 441 Leiocephalus personatus elattoprosopon — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus mentalis COCHRAN 1932 Leiocephalus personatus mentalis — MERTENS 1938 Leiocephalus personatus mentalis — MERTENS 1939: 49 Leiocephalus personatus mentalis — SCHWARTZ 1967: 9 Leiocephalus personatus mentalis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus mentalis — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus poikilometes SCHWARTZ, 1969 Leiocephalus personatus poikilometes — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus poililometes — HEDGES et al. 2019 (in error) Leiocephalus personatus pyrrholaemus SCHWARTZ 1971: 178 Leiocephalus personatus pyrrholaemus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus pyrrholaemus — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus scalaris COCHRAN, 1932 Leiocephalus personatus scalaris COCHRAN 1932: 181 Leiocephalus personatus pulcherrimus MERTENS 1939: 50 Leiocephalus personatus scalaris — COCHRAN 1941 Leiocephalus personatus scalaris — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus scalaris — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus socoensis GALI & SCHWARTZ, 1982: 177 Leiocephalus personatus socoensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus socoensis — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus tarachodes SCHWARTZ 1967: 11 Leiocephalus personatus tarachodes — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus tarachodes — HEDGES et al. 2019 Leiocephalus personatus trujilloensis MERTENS 1939 Leiocephalus personatus trujilloensis MERTENS 1939: 45 Leiocephalus personatus trujilloensis — SCHWARTZ 1967: 7 Leiocephalus personatus trujilloensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Leiocephalus personatus trujilloensis — HEDGES et al. 2019 |
| Distribution | Hispaniola (Haiti, Dominican Republic, most of the mesic to semi-mesic areas of the island) personatus: north shore of Tiburon Peninsula in Haiti. elevation 0 - 1850 ft.; Type locality: Near Jérémie, Département de la Grand'Anse, Haiti. actites: República Dominicana, north coast. agraulus: República Dominicana, Cordillera Central. Elevation 1950 ft. to 4000 ft. budeni: República Dominicana, north-central Cordillera Central. Elevation 2000 ft. elattoprosopon: Haiti, southern shore of Tiburon Peninsula; presumably also Grosse Caye. mentalis: República Dominicana, extreme northeast. Elevation near sea level. poikilometes: República Dominicana, northern range of Sierra de Neiba and floor of Valle de San Juan. Elevation 1400 ft. to 2050 ft. pyrrholaemus: República Dominicana, Peninsula de Samanâ. scalaris: Haiti, north coast, into Reptîblica Dominicana to B~inica and Santiago; inland in Haiti to Cerca-la-Source; Cayos Siete Hermanos: Isla Cabras; intergrades with L. p. tarachodes in Espaillat, Salcedo, and La Vega provinces. socoensis: República Dominicana, southeastern coast between Rio Cumana yasa and Rio Soco, perhaps as far east as San Pedro de Macoris. tarachodes: República Dominicana, northeast coast south to Hato Mayor. trujilloensis: República Dominicana, from Peravia and San Cristôbal provinces, east to Rio Ozama, and into interior in San Cristóbal Province and Distrito Nacional. INCERTAE SEDIS: Specimens from the city of San Cristobal are unassigned subspecifically; a questionable specimen from St-Marc, Haiti. |
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Holotype: MCZ 3615 (may have been lost) Holotype: SMF 25757 [pulcherrimus] Holotype: MCZ 81088 [actites] Holotype: MCZ 81090 [agraulus] Holotype: MCZ 81089 [budeni] Holotype: USNM 197370 [elattoprosopon] Holotype: USNM 65772 [mentalis] Holotype: USNM 165935 [poikilometes] Holotype: CM 52287 [pyrrholaemus] Holotype: USNM 74054 [scalaris] Holotype: USNM 197371 [socoensis] Holotype: MCZ 81087 [tarachodes] Holotype: SMF 26213 [trujilloensis] |
| Diagnosis | Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (9511 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. |
| Comment | Illustrations: Mertens, 1939; Mertens, 1940; Cochran, 1941; Schwartz, 1967. Synonymy: mostly after Pregill 1992. |
| Etymology | Named after Latin personatus = masked (Brown 1956), an obvious allusion to the dark facial mask of this species (this and subspecies etymologies from Powell 2019). Leiocephalus personatus actites was named after Greek aktites (= shore dweller; Brown 1956), undoubtedly a reference to the fact that the distribution of the subspecies “is restricted to the coastline of a single province in northern República Dominicana” (Schwartz 1967:16). Leiocephalus personatus agraulus is from the Greek agraulos (= dwelling in the field; Brown 1956), almost certainly a reference to the fact that “natives” indicated that “the lizards had been collected under rocks in a large open meadow, studded with a few pines, and partly under cultivation” (Schwartz 1967:23). Leiocephalus personatus budeni is a patronym honoring D. W. Buden, co-collector of the holotype. Leiocephalus personatus elattoprosopon is from the Greek elatton (= less) and prosopon (= face, mask), a reference to the reduced dark mask in this subspecies when compared to Leiocephalus personatus personatus (Gali et al. 1988). Leiocephalus personatus mentalis: Although not stated by Cochran (1932:178) and although mentalis is from the Latin (= of the mind; Brown 1956), the subspecific epithet mentalis appears to be a reference to the unusual pattern of the chin and throat of males (“mental shield and lower lips of adult males sepia, remainder of throat pale china blue, immaculate or with a few minor pale-brown spots confined mostly to single scales”). Leiocephalus personatus poikilometes “is Greek for ‘full of various wiles,’ an allusion to the difficulty encountered in securing these lizards” (Schwartz 1969:85). Leiocephalus personatus pyrrholaemus was not explained by Schwartz (1971), but is derived from the Greek pyrrho (= flame-colored) and laimos (= throat; Brown 1956), certainly an allusion to the deep orange throat of these lizards. Leiocephalus personatus scalaris is was not explained by Cochran (1932), but the epithet scalaris is from the Latin (= of a ladder; Brown 1956), possibly a reference to the prominent nuchal crest scales of males. Leiocephalus personatus socoensis was named after one of the localities (Boca del Soco)” where this subspecies is known to occur (Gali and Schwartz 1982:179). Leiocephalus personatus tarachodes is presumably from the Greek taraktor (= disturber; Brown 1956), but the meaning is uncertain and Schwartz (1967) did not provide an explanation. Leiocephalus personatus trujilloensis (originally spelled “trujilloënsis”) certainly is a reference to the type locality, Cuidad Trujillo (= Santo Domingo), although not stated by Mertens (1939). |
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