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Ablepharus himalayanus (GÜNTHER, 1864)

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Eugongylinae (Eugongylini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Himalaya Ground Skink 
SynonymEumeces himalayanus GÜNTHER 1864: 86
Euprepes blythi STEINDACHNER 1869
Mocoa himalayanus — STOLICZKA 1872
Mocoa himalayana — BLANFORD 1875: 19
Lygosoma himalayana — BOULENGER 1887
Lygosoma himalayanum — ZUGMAYER 1909: 488
Leiolopisma himalayanum — SCHMIDT 1926: 168
Lygosoma himalayanum — HORA 1927: 4
Leiolopisma himalayanum — SMITH 1935
Leiolopisma himalayanum — SWAN & LEVITON 1962: 111
Scincella himalayanum — MINTON 1966
Scincella himalayana — GREER 1974: 7
Scincella ladacensis himalayana — OUBOTER 1986: 21
Scincella ladacensis himalayana — NANHOE & OUBOTER 1987
Asymblepharus himalayanus — EREMCHENKO et al. 1998
Scincella himalayana — KHAN 2002 (pers. comm.)
Scincella himalayana — SHEA & GREER 2002: 156
Asymblepharus (Asymblepharus) himalayanus — EREMCHENKO 2003
Asymblepharus himalayanus — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Scincella himalayanus — MURTHY 2010
Asymblepharus himalayanus — WENG et al. 2021
Ablepharus himalayanus — MIRZA et al. 2022 
DistributionN Pakistan (Chitral, Hazara), India (W Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh), W Nepal, Pakistan, Turkmenistan

Type locality: Kashmir, Garhval, Simla, Himalayas.  
Reproduction 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.8.16.24; 1946.6.17.62; 1946.8.19.71 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A robust Scincella. Limbs strong, but somewhat shorter than in S. l. ladacensis. Transparent disc large. Ciliars from normal to thickened. In most specimens (64%) the frontal is in contact with the first three supraoculars. A medium number of body scales. Dorsum usually bronze- brown, spotted with black, sometimes with white spots as well (Ouboter 1986: 21) 
CommentSimilar species: Scincella sikimmensis, A. ladacensis (Ouboter 1986 says there is clinal variation among them). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Bhattarai S., Gurung A., Lamichhane BR., Regmi R., Dhungana M., Kumpakha B. and Subedi N. 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of Chure Range, Nepal. President Chure Terai-Madhesh Conservation Development Board and National Trust for Nature Conservation, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
  • Blanford,W.T. 1878. "Reptilia and Amphibia" in Scientific Results of the Second Yarkand Mission. Calcutta, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 4to, p. 1-26, 2 pis.
  • Borkin, Leo J.; Spartak N. Litvinchuk, Daniel A. Melnikov & Dmitriy V. Skorinov 2018. Altitudinal distribution of skinks of the genus Asymblepharus in the Western Himalaya, India (Reptilia: Sauria: Scincidae). In: Hartmann, Barclay & Weipert: Biodiversität und Naturausstattung im Himalaya VI. - Erfurt 2018: 163-167 - get paper here
  • Boruah, B., Das, A., Hussain, S. A., & Johnson, J. A. 2020. Assessment of Amphibian and Reptilian Diversity along Ganga River. Wildlife Institute of India - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1887. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. London: 575 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A., Annandale, N., Wall, F. & Regan, C.T. 1907. Reports on a collection of batrachia, reptiles and fish from Nepal and the western Himalayas. Lacertilia. Records of the Indian Museum 1:149—155 - get paper here
  • Eremchenko, V. K 2003. Generic and specific redefinition and redescription of the North-Vietnam skink (Scincella melanosticta (Boulenger, 1887). Izvestiya Vuzov (= Proceedings of Universitities and Institutes), Bishkek, (1-2): 20-28
  • Eremchenko, V.; Helfenberger,N.; K. B. Shah & A. M. Panfilov 1998. Two new species of skinks (Scincidae: Ligosominae [sic]) from Nepal [in Russian]. News nat. Acad. Sci. Kirgiz Republik, Bishkek (4): 41-45
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Greer, A.E. 1974. The generic relationships of the scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives. Australian Journal of Zoology 31: 1-67. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. London (Taylor & Francis), xxvii + 452 pp. - get paper here
  • Hallermann J., N. B. Ananjeva and N.L.Orlov. 2001. On a remarkable collection of reptiles and amphibians collected by the German Indian Expedition 1955-1958. Russ. J. Herpetol. 8 (1): 25-34 - get paper here
  • Hora, S.L. 1927. Notes on lizards in the Indian Museum. III. On the unnamed collection of lizards of the family Scincidae. Records of the Indian Museum 29: 1-6
  • Jamal, Qaisar; Muhammad Idrees, Saif Ullah, Muhammad Adnan, Farrah Zaidi, Qaiser Zaman, and Syed Basit Rasheed 2018. Diversity and Altitudinal Distribution of Squamata in Two Distinct Ecological Zones of Dir, A Himalayan Sub-Zone of Northern Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool., vol. 50(5), pp 1835-1839 - get paper here
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Khan, M.S. 2003. CHECKLIST AND KEY TO THE LIZARDS OF PAKISTAN. Pakistan J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. (1): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Maqbool, Aamir and Abdul Lateef Khanday 2016. Morphometric Analysis of Himalayan ground skink Scincella himalayanus Gunther (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from Kashmir. Journal of American Science 12(3): 30-34 - get paper here
  • Masroor, R. 2012. A Contribution to the Herpetology of Northern Pakistan. SSAR, Ithaca [review in JoTT 4(6): 2670] - get paper here
  • Mehra, G.S., N. Mohanty & S.K. Dutta 2022. Occurrence patterns of herpetofauna in different habitat types of western Terai Arc Landscape, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 14(5): 21010–21018 - get paper here
  • Minton, S. A. Jr. 1966. A contribution to the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 134: 29-184. - get paper here
  • Mirza ZA, Bragin AM, Bhosale H, Gowande GG, Patel H, Poyarkov NA. 2022. A new ancient lineage of ablepharine skinks (Sauria: Scincidae) from eastern Himalayas with notes on origin and systematics of the group. PeerJ 10:e12800 - get paper here
  • Murthy, T.S.N. 2010. The reptile fauna of India. B.R. Publishing, New Delhi, 332 pp.
  • Nanhoe, L.M.R., & Ouboter, P.E. 1987. The distribution of reptiles and amphibians in the Annapurna-Dhaulagiri region (Nepal). Zoologische Verhandelingen (240): 1-105 - get paper here
  • Sahi D.N., Koul S. 2020. Annotated List of Amphibians and Reptiles of Jammu and Kashmir State. In: Dar G. & Khuroo A. (eds) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol 18. Springer, Singapore - get paper here
  • Saikia, U.; Sharma, D.K. & Sharma, R.M. 2007. Checklist of the Reptilian fauna of Himachal Pradesh, India. Reptile Rap (8): 6-9 - get paper here
  • Schmidt,K.P. 1926. Amphibians and Reptiles of the James Simpson-Roosevelt Asiatic Expedition. Field Mus. nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 12: 167-173 - get paper here
  • Shea, Glenn M. and Allen E. Greer 2002. From Sphenomorphus to Lipinia: Generic reassignment of two poorly known New Guinea skinks. Journal of Herpetology 36 (2): 148-156 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1935. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.
  • Steindachner, F. 1867. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858,1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair (Zoologie), Vol. 1, part 3 (Reptilien p.1-98). K. Gerold's Sohn/Kaiserlich-Königl. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien [1869 on title page] - get paper here
  • Vaissi, S., Kurnaz, M., Şahin, M.K. et al. 2023. Climatic Niche Divergence and Conservatism Promote Speciation in Snake-Eyed Skinks (Sauria: Scincidae): New Insight into the Evolution and Diversification of Ablepharus Species. Evol Biol (2023) - get paper here
  • Venugopal, P.D. 2010. An updated and annotated list of Indian lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) based on a review of distribution records and checklists of Indian reptiles. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2 (3): 725-738. - get paper here
  • Wang, YUE-ZHAO 1986. Studies on Chinese species of Scincella (Scincidae, Sauria) [in Chinese]. Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, [new ser.], 5 (4): 267-277 - get paper here
  • Weng, S. Y., Huang, S., Yang, L., Peng, L. F., Wei, C., & Li, J. C. 2021. The complete mitochondrial genome of Asymblepharus himalayanus (Scincidae; Sauria) and its phylogenetic position within Scincidae. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 6(10), 3031-3032. Chicago - get paper here
  • Zugmayer,Erich 1909. Beiträge zur Herpetologie von Zentral-Asien. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. 27: 481-508 - get paper here
 
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