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Ablepharus pannonicus (LICHTENSTEIN, 1823)

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Eugongylinae (Eugongylini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Asian Snake-eyed Skink
G: Asiatisches Natterauge 
SynonymScincus pannonicus LICHTENSTEIN 1823: 103
Ablepharus pannonicus FITZINGER in EVERSMANN 1823: 145 (nom. nud., in error)
Ablepharis pannonicus — COCTEAU 1832
Riopa rueppelli GRAY 1839 (fide MERTENS 1922)
Blepharosteres agilis STOLICZKA 1872: 126
Ablepharus pusillus BLANFORD 1874: 33
Ablepharus brandtii STRAUCH 1868: 565
Ablepharus brandti — BOULENGER 1887: 351
Ablepharus pannonicus — BOULENGER 1888
Ablepharus festae PERACCA 1894
Ablepharus brandtii — ALCOCK & FINN 1897
Ablepharus persicus NIKOLSKY 1905 ?
Ablepharus brandtii var. brevipes NIKOLSKY 1907: 283 (1905)
Ablepharus persicus — WERNER 1917: 203 ?
Ablepharus brandti — BOULENGER 1920: 353
Ablepharus pannonicus — SMITH 1935: 310
Ablepharus brandti festae SCHMIDT 1939
Ablepharus kitaibelii fitzingeri MERTENS 1952 (nom. nov. pro A. pannonicus)
Ablepharus pannonicus pannonicus — MERTENS 1970
Ablepharus pannonicus — GREER 1974: 9
Ablepharus pannonicus — DAS 1996: 45
Ablepharus pannonicus — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Ablepharus pannonicus — SKOURTANIOTI et al. 2016 
DistributionRepublic of Georgia, S Turkmenistan, S Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, W Azerbaijan, E Republic of Georgia, Caucasus,
Iran, Iraq, Oman, Saudi Arabia,
Afghanistan, Pakistan, Jordan, Syria, United Arab Emirates (UAE), NW India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir)

Type locality: “Bucharei” [= Bokhara = Buxoro, Uzbekistan]

Synonyms:

brandtii: Type locality: Samarkand, Turkestan

pusillus: Iraq; Type locality: Bussora [=Basra], Iraq.

Ablepharus brandtii var. brevipes: Type locality: Dech-i-Diz and Karun River, Iran

persicus: Type locality: Schachrud [=Shahrud])  
ReproductionOviparous 
TypesSyntypes: lost, was ZISP (ZIL), ZMB (lost, fide ANDERSON 1999)
Syntypes: ZISP 2414.1-3 (three specimens) [Ablepharus brandtii]
Syntypes: ZISP 10188 [Ablepharus brandtii var. brevipes]
Holotype: ZISP 10342, “Schachrud” [Shahrud, Semnan Province, Iran]. Leg.: N.A. Zarudny, 17.X.1903 [Ablepharus persicus]
Syntype: NMW [Blepharosteres agilis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Small (snout-vent length 60 mm or less), terrestrial skinks with a long, thin post-orbital bone and an ablepharine eye; clutch and litter sizes variable, up to 7 (Greer 1974: 9).


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CommentSynonymy partly after SMITH 1935. Not listed by ENGELMANN et al. 1993. Has been considered as a synonym of A. kitaibelii by MERTENS (1952).

Distribution: Reports of this species from Cyprus are actually A. budaki (F. Baier, pers. comm.). See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran and map in Burriel-Carranza et al. 2019 for map in UAE

Type species: Ablepharus pannonicus is the type species of the genus Ablepharus Fitzinger 1824 (fide GREER 1974).

Phylogeny: see Karamiani et al. 2021 for a phylogeny of Ablepharus.

Activity pattern. Diurnal.

Original description by Lichtenstein 1823: 103: “Sc. palpebris nullis, pedibus omnibus pentadactylis. Lichtenst. l.c.p. 145. 3” Bucahria ... E. 2/3
Obs. Leop Fitzinger Vindobenensis Scinci a Kitaibel in Hungaria inventi accuratissimas exhibuit et descriptionem et picturam, mox prelo committendas, quibuscum animal nostrum omni puncto, si colorem hic sordide viridulum, in illo vero (paulo adultiori) brunnescentem excipis, convenit.” 
EtymologyNamed after Pannonia, an ancient country not shown on modern maps but corresponding to an area now known as Yugoslavia. Pannonia included neighbouring countries such as Hungary. The Latin suffix -icus means “belong to”.

The genus is named after Greek blepharon = eyelid with the prefix a- for “not” or “absence”, referring to the fixed eyelids which are permanently “shut” but transparent. 
References
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