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Achalinus formosanus BOULENGER, 1908

IUCN Red List - Achalinus formosanus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaXenodermidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesAchalinus formosanus chigirai OTA & TOYAMA 1989
Achalinus formosanus formosanus BOULENGER 1908 
Common NamesE: Formosa Odd-scaled Snake 
SynonymAchalinus formosanus BOULENGER 1908: 222
Achalinopsis sauteri STEINDACHNER 1913: 219
Achalinopsis sauteri — MAKI 1931
Achalinopsis sauteri — ZONG & MA 1983
Achalinus formosanus — SHIE 2005
Achalinus formosanus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 5
Achalinus formosanus formosanus — VAN HA et al. 2022

Achalinus formosanus chigirai OTA & TOYAMA 1989
Achalinus formosanus chigirai — GORIS & MAEDA 2004: 203
Achalinus formosanus chigirai — O’SHEA 2018
Achalinus formosanus chigirai — VAN HA et al. 2022
Achalinus chigirai — WALLACH 2025 
Distributionformosanus: Taiwan, Type locality: “Punkiho, Kagi district, Central Formosa”

chigirai: Japan (S Ryukyu islands); type locality: Uehara (altitude ca 70 m), Iriomotejima Island, Yaeyama Group, Japan.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.1.7.78, NMW
Holotype: OMNH (Osaka) R2673, an adult male, collected on a road at night on 18 May 1985, by K. Miyagi. Paratype: OPM H0488, an adult male [chigirai] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 6472 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentConservation: A. f. chigirai is classified as “near threatened” in Japan (Ota 2000). 
EtymologyNamed after its distribution in Taiwan (= Formosa). 
References
  • Boulenger, GEORGE A. 1908. Description of a new frog and a new snake from Formosa. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2: 221-222 - get paper here
  • Chen, Y. 2009. Conservation biogeography of the snake family Colubridae of China. North-Western Journal of Zoology 5 (2): 251-262 - get paper here
  • FUKUYAMA, RYOBU & IBUKI FUKUYAMA. 2021. ACHALINUS FORMOSANUS CHIGIRAI (Yaeyama Odd-scaled Snake). DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR and DIET. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 144–145. - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 - get paper here
  • Goris, R.C. & Maeda, N. 2004. Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger, Malabar, 285 pp.
  • HA, N. V., ZIEGLER, T., SY, T. D., LE, M. D., NGUYEN, T. Q., & LUU, V. Q. 2022. A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata: Xenodermidae) from Son La Province, Vietnam. Zootaxa 5168 (3): 375-387 - get paper here
  • LI, K., WU, Y. Y., XU, R. Y., ZHU, F., REN, J. L., GUO, P., & DONG, B. J. 2021. A new species of the Achalinus rufescens complex (Xenodermidae: Achalinus) from Fujian Province, China. Zootaxa 5026 (2): 239-254 - get paper here
  • Maki, M. 1931. Monograph of the Snakes of Japan. Dai-ichi Shobo, Tokyo. (1), 7, 240 pages (expanded edition 1933)
  • Ota, H. 2000. Current status of the threatened amphibians and reptiles of Japan. Popul. Ecol. 42: 5-9 - get paper here
  • Ota, H. and Toyama, M. 1989. Taxonomic re-definition of Achalinus formosanus Boulenger (Xenoderminae: Colubridae: Ophidia), with description of a new subspecies. Copeia 1989 (3): 597-602 - get paper here
  • Ota, H. and Toyama, M. 1989. Two additional specimens of Achalinus formosanus chigirai (Colubridae: Ophidia) from the Yaeyama Group, Ryukyu Archipelago. Japanese Journal of Herpetology 13 (2): 40-43 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Shie, Jia-Rung 2005. Phylogeography of Odd-scaled Snake Achalinus in Taiwan. Masters thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University, 53 pp.
  • Steindachner, F. 1913. Über zwei neue Schlangenarten aus Formosa. Anz. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Nat. Ser. 50: 218-220
  • Stejneger, L. 1910. The batrachians and reptiles of Formosa. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 38: 91-114 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zhao, E.M. 2006. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. House, Vol. I, 372 pp., Vol. II (color plates), 280 pp.
  • ZIEGLER, THOMAS; TRUONG QUANG NGUYEN, CUONG THE PHAM, TAO THIEN NGUYEN, ANH VAN PHAM, MONA VAN SCHINGEN, THAM THI NGUYEN, MINH DUC LE 2019. Three new species of the snake genus Achalinus from Vietnam (Squamata: Xenodermatidae). Zootaxa 4590 (2): 249-269 - get paper here
  • Zong Y; Ma J 1983. A new species of the genus Achalinopsis from Jiangxi and the restoration of this genus [in Chinese]. Acta Herpetologica Sinica 2 (2): 61-63 - get paper here
 
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