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Agama aculeata MERREM, 1820

IUCN Red List - Agama aculeata - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesAgama aculeata distanti (BOULENGER 1902)
Agama aculeata aculeata MERREM 1820 
Common NamesE: Ground Agama
aculeata: Western Ground Agama
distanti: Northern Ground Agama 
SynonymAgama aculeata MERREM 1820: 53
Agama aculeata DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 499 (non MERREM ?)
Trapelus (Psammorrhoa) bibronii FITZINGER 1843 (nom. subst.)
Saura spinalis WAGLER 1866 (nom. subst., partim)
Agama infralineata PETERS 1877: 612
Agama aculeata — BOULENGER 1885: 351
Agama pulchella BOCAGE 1896
Agama aculeata — ROUX 1907: 415
Agama pulchella — GOUGH 1909
Agama aculeata — GOUGH 1909
Agama aculeata var. aculeata — BOULENGER & POWER 1921: 252
Agama hispida aculeata — LOVERIDGE 1936: 52
Agama hispida aculeata — HELLMICH 1957: 51
Agama hispida aculeata — FITZSIMONS & BRAIN 1958
Agama aculeata aculeata — AUERBACH 1987: 98
Agama hispida aculeata — BRYGOO 1988: 3
Agama aculeata — PIANKA & VITT 2003: 123
Agama aculeata aculeata — BATES et al. 2014: 303
Agama aculeata aculeata — BOURQUIN & GRUENER 2017

Agama aculeata distanti (BOULENGER 1902)
Agama distanti BOULENGER 1902: 339
Agama distanti — ROUX 1907: 413
Agama hispida var. distanti — GOUGH 1909
Agama hispida var. distanti — BOULENGER & POWER 1921: 243
Agama hispida var. distanti — LOVERIDGE 1923: 942
Agama aculeata distanti — PIENAAR 1978
Agama aculeata distanti — BOYCOTT 1992
Agama aculeata distanti — BATES et al. 2014: 30
Agama aculeata distanti — STANDER 2023: 63 
DistributionNamibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Republic of South Africa, Mozambique, S Angola, Zambia, Eswatini (Swaziland)

Type locality: Otjimbingue [Namibia] [Agama infralineata PETERS 1877]

distanti: Republic of South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, NW Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal), Eswatini (Swaziland)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA ([Agama aculeata DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837])
Lectotype: iconotype, Fig. 7 of Seba (1735, II, tomus 8); Holotype: ZMB 750, "in promontorio bonae spei", leg. v. Borcke (actually a Paralectotypus fide TILLACK, pers. comm. 22 Jan 2014, Wagner et al. 2012)
Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.27.98-99 A (unclear fide P. Campbell, pers. comm., March 2019) [distanti]
Syntypes: ZMB 4217, 4218, 4219 [Agama infralineata PETERS 1877] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1549 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentAgama aculeata armata is treated here as a full species.

Synonymy: WERMUTH 1965, WAGNER et al. 2012.

Distribution: not in East Africa; P. Wagner suggested to restrict this name to South African populations (pers. comm. to S. Spawls, 28 June 2018). See map in Marques et al. 2018: 287 (Angola) 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “aculeus” = spike, sting, thorn. 
References
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Baptista NL, António T, Branch WR. 2019. The herpetofauna of Bicuar National Park and surroundings, southwestern Angola: a preliminary checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [Special Section]: 96–130 (e203) - get paper here
  • Barts, M. 2003. Die Agamen des südlichen Afrikas. Draco 4 (14): 70-79 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F. 1995. Life History Notes - Agama aculeata aculeata. African Herp News (22): 43-44 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Branch, William R. & Haacke, Wulf D. 1993. The herpetofauna of the Kamanjab area and adjacent Damaraland, Namibia. Madoqua (Windhoek) 18 (2): 117-145. - get paper here
  • Billawer, W.H.; Heidemann, N.J.L. 1996. A comparative analysis of diurnal behavioural activities in males of Agama aculeata aculeata and Agama planiceps planiceps in Windhoek, Namibia. J. Herpet. Assoc. Africa 45 (2): 68-73 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1902. A new name for the Common Agama of the Transvaal. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9: 339-339 - get paper here
  • Boulenger,G.A. & POWER, J.H. 1921. A revision of the South African agamas allied to Agama hispida and A. atra. Transact. roy. Soc. S. Africa, CapeTown, 9: 229-287; https://doi.org/10.1080/00359192109520217 - get paper here
  • BOURQUIN, O. & V. GRUENER 2017. A NOTE ON THE HERPETOFAUNA OF MODISA CAMP (BOTSWANA) AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. African Herp News (64): 9-26 - get paper here
  • Boycott, R.C. 1992. An Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Swaziland. The Conservation Trust of Swaziland - get paper here
  • Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S.
  • Brygoo, E.R. 1988. Les types d’Agamidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Catalogue critique. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 10 (ser. 4) A (3), suppl.: 1-56
  • Butler, B O; Ceríaco, L M P; Marques, M P; Bandeira, S; Júlio, T; Heinicke, M P & Bauer, A M; 2019. Herpetological survey of Huíla Province, Southwest Angola, including first records of Bicuar National Park. Herpetological Review 50 (2): 225-240 - get paper here
  • Cimatti, E. 2007. Namibia - Introduction to a vast territory. Reptilia (GB) (50): 58-67 - get paper here
  • Conradie W and Branch WR. 2016. The herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and lower Cuando river catchments of south-eastern Angola. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 10 (2) [Special Section]: 6–36 - get paper here
  • Conradie W, Keates C, Verburgt L, Baptista NL, Harvey J, Júlio T, Neef G. 2022. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Angolan Okavango-Cuando-Zambezi River drainages. Part 2: Lizards (Sauria), chelonians, and crocodiles. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(2): 181–214 (e322) - get paper here
  • CONRADIE, W., DOUCETTE-RIISE, S., VANHOOYDONCK, B., ENGELBRECHT, H., MEASEY, G.J., & TOLLEY, K. 2011. Herpetological survey of Rooipoort Nature Reserve, Northern Cape, South Africa. African Herp News (53): 35-41 - get paper here
  • Conradie, Werner; Brian Reeves , Neil Brown, & Jan A. Venter 2016. Herpetofauna of the Oviston, Commando Drift and Tsolwana nature reserves in the arid interior of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Indago 32: 81-98 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitzsimons, V.F.M.; Brain, C.K. 1958. A Short account of the Reptiles of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Koedoe, 1(1): 99-104 - get paper here
  • Gough, L.H. 1909. The South African species of Agama. Annals Transvaal Mus. 1 (3): 183-194 - get paper here
  • Haacke, W. D. 1984. The herpetology of the southern Kalahari domain. In: Proc. Symp. Kalahari Ecosystems. Koedoe, Suppl., 1984: 171-186 - get paper here
  • Haagner, G.V. 1995. Life History Notes - Agama aculeata aculeata. African Herp News (22): 44-44 - get paper here
  • Heideman, N. J. L. 1990. Life History Note: Agama aculeata aculeata: Reproduction. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (37): 50-50 - get paper here
  • Heideman, N.J.L. 1993. Social Organization and Behaviour of Agama aculeata aculeata and Agama planiceps planiceps during the Breeding Season. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (42): 29-31 - get paper here
  • Heideman, N.J.L. 2002. A Comparison of the Breeding and Nonbreeding Season Diets of Agama aculeata and Agama planiceps (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Windhoek, Namibia Journal of Herpetology 36 (3): 515-520. - get paper here
  • Hellmich, W. 1957. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in Angola. Veröff. Zool. Staatssammlung München 5: 1-91 - get paper here
  • Hellmich, Walter 1957. Die Reptilienausbeute der Hamburgischen Angola-Expedition. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut (Hamburg), 55: 39-80.
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here
  • Hewitt, John 1911. Records of South African Lacertilia and Amphibia, Addenda and Corrigenda. Annals Transvaal Museum 3 (1): 42-55. - get paper here
  • Huey, R. B., Miles, D. B., & Pianka, E. R. 2021. Seasonality in Kgalagadi Lizards: Inferences from Legacy Data. American Naturalist 198 (6): 759-771 - get paper here
  • LEACHÉ, Adam D.; Rebecca A. CHONG, Theodore J. PAPENFUSS, Philipp WAGNER, Wolfgang BÖHME, Andreas SCHMITZ, Mark-Oliver RÖDEL, Matthew LEBRETON, Ivan INEICH, Laurent CHIRIO, Aaron BAUER, Edem A. ENIANG, & Sherif BAHA EL DIN 2009. Phylogeny of the genus Agama based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Bonner zoologische Beiträge 56 (4): 273–278 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1923. Notes on East African lizards collected 1920-1923 with the description of two new races of Agama lionotus Blgr. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1923: 935-969 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Marques MP, Parrinha D, Lopes-Lima M, Tiutenko A, Bauer AM, Ceríaco LMP 2024. An island in a sea of sand: a first checklist of the herpetofauna of the Serra da Neve inselberg, southwestern Angola. ZooKeys 1201: 167-217 - get paper here
  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • McLachlan G R 1981. Taxonomy of Agama hispida (Sauria: Agamidae) in southern Africa. Cimbebasia (A) 5 (6): 219-227
  • Merrem, B. 1820. Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien I (Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum). J. C. Kriegeri, Marburg, 191 pp. - get paper here
  • Perry, Gad 2022. The Black Mambas of the Balule Nature Reserve and Other Notes on the Limpopo Region of Southern Africa. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS 29: 17–24 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1877. Übersicht der Amphibien aus Chinchoxo (Westafrika), welche von der Africanischen Gesellschaft dem Berliner zoologischen Museum übergeben sind. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1877 (October): 611-620 - get paper here
  • Pianka, E.R. & Vitt, L.J. 2003. Lizards - Windows to the Evolution of Diversity. University of California Press, Berkeley, 347 pp. [review in Copeia 2004: 955] - get paper here
  • Pienaar, Uys de Villiers 1978. The Reptile Fauna of the Kruger National Park. Pretoria: National Parks Board of South Africa, i-vii, 222 S.
  • Roux,J. 1907. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna von Süd-Afrika. Ergebnisse einer Reise von Prof. Max Weber im Jahre 1894. VII. Lacertilia (Eidechsen). Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst., Geogr. Biol. Tiere (Jena), 25: 403-444 - get paper here
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2015. Reptilien Namibias. Namibia Scientific  Society, 276 pp.
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2020. Reptiles of Namibia. Kuiseb Publishers, Windhoek, Namibia, 271 pp.
  • Stander, R.I. 2023. The Reptiles of the Limpopo Province and Kruger National Park. Herp Nomad, Polokwane, South Africa, 367 pp. - get paper here
  • Tan, Wei Cheng; Anthony Herrel, and John Measey 2020. Dietary Observations of Four Southern African Agamid Lizards (Agamidae). Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 15 (1): - get paper here
  • Tolley KA, Telford NS, Makhubo BG, Power RJ, Alexander GJ 2023. Filling the gap: Noteworthy herpetological discoveries in North West Province, South Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 99(1): 101-116 - get paper here
  • Tolley, K.A., Conradie, W., Pietersen, D.W., Weeber, J., Burger, M. & Alexander, G.J. (eds) 2023. Conservation status of the reptiles of South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho. Suricata 10. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
  • Wagner, Philipp; Aaron M. Bauer, Thomas M. Wilms, Mirko Barts, Wolfgang Böhme 2012. Miscellanea Accrodontia: Notes on Nomenclature, Taxonomy and Distribution. Russ. J. Herpetol. 19 (2): 177-189 - get paper here
 
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