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Agama spinosa GRAY, 1831

IUCN Red List - Agama spinosa - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Gray’s (Spiny) Agama 
SynonymAgama spinosa GRAY 1831: 57 (non Agama spinosa DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837)
Agama spinosa — BOULENGER 1885: 355
Agama spinosa — ANDERSON 1898: 114
Agama spinosa — SCORTECCI 1929: 255
Agama spinosa — SCORTECCI 1929: 315
Agama agama spinosa — PARKER 1942: 49
Agama colonorum — BLANFORD 1870: 449
Agama agama spinosa — WERMUTH 1967: 5
Agama spinosa — LANZA 1978: 282
Agama spinosa — LANZA 1990
Agama spinosa — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Agama smithi — WAGNER et al. 2013 (incertae sedis) 
DistributionEgypt, Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Republic of South Sudan (RSS), N Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, N Somalia

Type locality: Africa, restricted to “Eastern desert north of Keneh”, Egypt by Anderson (1898) and to “Suakin, Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Republic of South Sudan (RSS)” by Marx (1968). These restrictions are invalid (Wagner et al. 2013), because the type locality is the locality where the name bearing type was collected (which is still unknown).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: unlocated, originally in BMNH, but now “unknown” (fide Wagner et al. 2013) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A moderately large species of Agama which can be identified by the following combination of characters: nasal scale round, smooth, and usually tubular; nasal scale in contact with the first canthus scale; neck crest relatively short and consisting of few but distinctly high crest scales; ear hole surrounded by six tufts of spiny scales, with additional three tufts on the neck; vertebral and lateral body scales keeled and imbricate; ventral scales smooth; dorsal tail scales keeled, ventral tail scales smooth at the base; and males with one uncontinuous row of precloacal pores [Wagner et al. 2013] 
Comment 
References
  • Anderson, J. 1898. Zoology of Egypt. Vol. l. Reptilia and Batrachia. B. Quaritch, London
  • Baha el Din, S. 2006. A guide to the reptiles and amphibians of Egypt. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo. xvi + 359 pp.
  • Blanford, W.T. 1870. Observations of the geology and zoology of Abyssinia, made 1867-68. McMillan (London), xii + 487 pp. - get paper here
  • Boettger,O. 1893. Übersicht der von Prof. C. Keller anlässlich der Ruspoli'schen Expedition nach den Somaliländern gesammelten Reptilien und Batrachier. Zool. Anz. 16 (416): 113-119 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1896. Second Report on the Reptiles and Batrachians collected by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith during his Expedition to Lake Rudolf. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1896: 212-217 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Gans, C.; LAURENT, R.F. & PANDIT, H. 1965. Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic. Ann. Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr., Sér. 8vo, Tervuren, (80) Zool., (134): 1-93
  • Gonçalves, Duarte V.; José C. Brito, Pierre-André Crochet, Philippe Geniez, José M. Padial, D. James Harris 2012. Phylogeny of North African Agama lizards (Reptilia: Agamidae) and the role of the Sahara desert in vertebrate speciation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution<br>64 (3): 582–591 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of Class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E & E. Pidgeon: The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed [V Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London: 481 + 110 pp. [1830] - get paper here
  • Ineich, I. 1999. Reptiles & Amphibiens de la République de Djibouti. BNDB, UICN, PNUD, Djibouti & MNHN, Paris, 60 pp. - get paper here
  • Lanza B 1978. On some new or interesting east African amphibians and reptiles. Monitore Zoologico Italiano supplemento 10 (14): 229-297 - get paper here
  • Lanza, B. 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: check list and biogeography. Biogeographia, 14: 407-465 [1988] - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2006. Lizards of Ethiopia (Reptilia Sauria): an annotated checklist, bibliography, gazetteer and identification. Tropical Zoology 19 (1): 21-109 - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 694 pp.
  • LEACHÉ, Adam D.; Rebecca A. CHONG, Theodore J. PAPENFUSS, Philipp WAGNER, Wolfgang BÖHME, Andreas SCHMITZ, Mark-Oliver RÖDEL, Matthew LEBRETON, Ivan INEICH, Laurent CHIRIO, Aaron BAUER, Edem A. ENIANG, & Sherif BAHA EL DIN 2009. Phylogeny of the genus Agama based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Bonner zoologische Beiträge 56 (4): 273–278 - get paper here
  • Mazuch, Tomáš 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of Somaliland and Eastern Ethiopia. Tomáš Mazuch Publishing, 80 pp. ISBN: 978-80-905439-0-4 - get paper here
  • Milto, Konstantin D.; Samy A. Saber, Abdullah M. Nagy, Roman A. Nazarov, Daniel A. Melnikov, Natalia B. Ananjeva 2019. First Report on the Reptile Diversity of Wadi El Gemal National Park, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Russ. J. Herpetol. 26 (3): 175-184 - get paper here
  • Parker, H. W. 1942. The lizards of British Somaliland. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 91: 1—101 - get paper here
  • Schleich, H.H., Kästle,W., Kabisch, K. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz, Koenigstein, 627 pp.
  • Scortecci, G. 1929. Rettili dell'Eritrea esistenti nelle Collezioni del Museo Civico de Milano. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano 67 (3-4): 290-339 [1928] - get paper here
  • Scortecci, G. 1929. Primo contributo alla conoscenza dei Rettili e degli Anfibi della Somalia italiana. Atti Soc. ital. Sci. nat. 68: 245-279
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Wagner, Philipp; Adam Leaché; Tomáš Mazuch; Wolfgang Böhme 2013. Additions to the lizard diversity of the Horn of Africa: Two new species in the Agama spinosa group. Amphibia-Reptilia 34 (3): 363–387 - get paper here
 
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