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Agama aculeata MERREM, 1820

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesAgama aculeata distanti (BOULENGER 1902)
Agama aculeata aculeata MERREM 1820 
Common NamesE: Ground Agama
aculeata: Western Ground Agama
distanti: Northern Ground Agama 
SynonymAgama aculeata MERREM 1820: 53
Agama aculeata DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 499 (non MERREM ?)
Trapelus (Psammorrhoa) bibronii FITZINGER 1843 (nom. subst.)
Saura spinalis WAGLER 1866 (nom. subst., partim)
Agama infralineata PETERS 1877
Agama aculeata — BOULENGER 1885: 351
Agama pulchella BOCAGE 1896
Agama aculeata — ROUX 1907: 415
Agama pulchella — GOUGH 1909
Agama aculeata — GOUGH 1909
Agama aculeata var. aculeata — BOULENGER & POWER 1921: 252
Agama hispida aculeata — LOVERIDGE 1936: 52
Agama hispida aculeata — FITZSIMONS & BRAIN 1958
Agama aculeata aculeata — AUERBACH 1987: 98
Agama hispida aculeata — BRYGOO 1988: 3
Agama aculeata — PIANKA & VITT 2003: 123
Agama aculeata aculeata — BATES et al. 2014: 303
Agama aculeata aculeata — BOURQUIN & GRUENER 2017

Agama aculeata distanti (BOULENGER 1902)
Agama distanti BOULENGER 1902: 339
Agama distanti — ROUX 1907: 413
Agama hispida var. distanti — GOUGH 1909
Agama hispida var. distanti — BOULENGER & POWER 1921: 243
Agama hispida var. distanti — LOVERIDGE 1923: 942
Agama aculeata distanti — BOYCOTT 1992
Agama aculeata distanti — BATES et al. 2014: 30 
DistributionNamibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Republic of South Africa, Mozambique, S Angola, Zambia, Swaziland

Type locality: Otjimbingue [Namibia] [Agama infralineata PETERS 1877]

distanti: Republic of South Africa (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, NW Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal), Swaziland  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA ([Agama aculeata DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837])
Lectotype: iconotype, Fig. 7 of Seba (1735, II, tomus 8); Holotype: ZMB 750, "in promontorio bonae spei", leg. v. Borcke (actually a Paralectotypus fide TILLACK, pers. comm. 22 Jan 2014, Wagner et al. 2012)
Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.27.98-99 A (unclear fide P. Campbell, pers. comm., March 2019) [distanti]
Syntypes: ZMB 4217, 4218, 4219 [Agama infralineata PETERS 1877] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1493 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentAgama aculeata armata is treated here as a full species.

Synonymy: WERMUTH 1965, WAGNER et al. 2012.

Distribution: not in East Africa; P. Wagner suggested to restrict this name to South African populations (pers. comm. to S. Spawls, 28 June 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “aculeus” = spike, sting, thorn. 
References
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Baptista NL, António T, Branch WR. 2019. The herpetofauna of Bicuar National Park and surroundings, southwestern Angola: a preliminary checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [Special Section]: 96–130 (e203) - get paper here
  • Barts, M. 2003. Die Agamen des südlichen Afrikas. Draco 4 (14): 70-79 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F. 1995. Life History Notes - Agama aculeata aculeata. African Herp News (22): 43-44 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Branch, William R. & Haacke, Wulf D. 1993. The herpetofauna of the Kamanjab area and adjacent Damaraland, Namibia. Madoqua (Windhoek) 18 (2): 117-145. - get paper here
  • Billawer, W.H.; Heidemann, N.J.L. 1996. A comparative analysis of diurnal behavioural activities in males of Agama aculeata aculeata and Agama planiceps planiceps in Windhoek, Namibia. J. Herpet. Assoc. Africa 45 (2): 68-73 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1902. A new name for the Common Agama of the Transvaal. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9: 339-339 - get paper here
  • Boulenger,G.A. & POWER, J.H. 1921. A revision of the South African agamas allied to Agama hispida and A. atra. Transact. roy. Soc. S. Africa, CapeTown, 9: 229-287; https://doi.org/10.1080/00359192109520217 - get paper here
  • BOURQUIN, O. & V. GRUENER 2017. A NOTE ON THE HERPETOFAUNA OF MODISA CAMP (BOTSWANA) AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. African Herp News (64): 9-26 - get paper here
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  • Conradie W and Branch WR. 2016. The herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and lower Cuando river catchments of south-eastern Angola. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 10 (2) [Special Section]: 6–36 - get paper here
  • Conradie W, Keates C, Verburgt L, Baptista NL, Harvey J, Júlio T, Neef G. 2022. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Angolan Okavango-Cuando-Zambezi River drainages. Part 2: Lizards (Sauria), chelonians, and crocodiles. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(2): 181–214 (e322) - get paper here
  • CONRADIE, W., DOUCETTE-RIISE, S., VANHOOYDONCK, B., ENGELBRECHT, H., MEASEY, G.J., & TOLLEY, K. 2011. Herpetological survey of Rooipoort Nature Reserve, Northern Cape, South Africa. African Herp News (53): 35-41 - get paper here
  • Conradie, Werner; Brian Reeves , Neil Brown, & Jan A. Venter 2016. Herpetofauna of the Oviston, Commando Drift and Tsolwana nature reserves in the arid interior of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Indago 32: 81-98 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitzsimons, V.F.M.; Brain, C.K. 1958. A Short account of the Reptiles of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Koedoe, 1(1): 99-104 - get paper here
  • Gough, L.H. 1909. The South African species of Agama. Annals Transvaal Mus. 1 (3): 183-194 - get paper here
  • Haacke, W. D. 1984. The herpetology of the southern Kalahari domain. In: Proc. Symp. Kalahari Ecosystems. Koedoe, Suppl., 1984: 171-186 - get paper here
  • Haagner, G.V. 1995. Life History Notes - Agama aculeata aculeata. African Herp News (22): 44-44 - get paper here
  • Heideman, N. J. L. 1990. Life History Note: Agama aculeata aculeata: Reproduction. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (37): 50-50 - get paper here
  • Heideman, N.J.L. 1993. Social Organization and Behaviour of Agama aculeata aculeata and Agama planiceps planiceps during the Breeding Season. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (42): 29-31 - get paper here
  • Heideman, N.J.L. 2002. A Comparison of the Breeding and Nonbreeding Season Diets of Agama aculeata and Agama planiceps (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Windhoek, Namibia Journal of Herpetology 36 (3): 515-520. - get paper here
  • Hellmich, W. 1957. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in Angola. Veröff. Zool. Staatssammlung München 5: 1-91 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here
  • Hewitt, John 1911. Records of South African Lacertilia and Amphibia, Addenda and Corrigenda. Annals Transvaal Museum 3 (1): 42-55. - get paper here
  • Huey, R. B., Miles, D. B., & Pianka, E. R. 2021. Seasonality in Kgalagadi Lizards: Inferences from Legacy Data. American Naturalist 198 (6): 759-771 - get paper here
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