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Ameivula ocellifera (SPIX, 1825)

IUCN Red List - Ameivula ocellifera - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Spix's Whiptail
Portuguese: Calango, Calango-da-Praia, Calango-Ligeiro, Calango-Listrado, Calango-Pequeno, Calango-Tijubina, Calanguinho, Calanguinho-Pintado, Calanguinho-Sardão-Pequeno, Calanguinho-Verde, Tijubina 
SynonymTeius ocellifer SPIX 1825: 23
Cnemidophorus Hygomi REINHARDT & LÜTKEN 1862: 231
Cnemidophorus ocellifer — PETERS 1877
Cnemidophorus ocellifer — BURT 1931: 43
Cnemidophorus ocellifer — PETERS et al. 1970: 95
Cnemidophorus ocellifer — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus ocellifer — CEI 1993
Cnemidophorus ocellifer — DIRKSEN & DE LA RIVA 1999
Ameivula ocellifera — HARVEY et al. 2012
Cnemidophorus cf. ocellifer — BASTO DA SILVA & ÁVILA-PIRES 2013
Cnemidophorus ocellifer — SANTOS-CALDAS et al. 2016
Cnemidophorus ocellifer — ALBUQUERQUE et al. 2018 
DistributionBrazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goias, Pernambuco, Ceará, Sergipe, Piauí, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba), Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Tarija), N Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco, Formosa, Córdoba, La Rioja)

Type locality: “Bahia”, Brasil. Vanzolini (1981) concluded
that Salvador, the capital of Bahia state, is the likely type locality of A. ocellifera because “Bahia” was frequently used as a synonym for Salvador. Neotype locality: Parque das Dunas, 12°55’3”S, 38°19’12”W, 20 m a.s.l., municipality of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil.

hygomi: Type locality: “Maruim”, state of Sergipe, Brazil.  
ReproductionBisexual. See C. littoralis. 
TypesNeotype: ZUFMS-REP 04144, designated by Oliveira et al. 2022; collected by R. Marques, M. L. T. Oliveira, N. J. L. Santos, and M. S. Bonfim, 15. VII. 2018.
Syntype: lost, was ZSM 111/0 (fide Franzen & Glaw 2007)
Syntype: ZMB 4335 [Cnemidophorus Hygomi] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Although the hemipenis of Ameivula ocellifera has at least one unique character (the papillate catchment folds and awns), hemipenes of other species in this genus have never been described and were unavailable for study. Ameivula differs from Ameiva (characters in parentheses) in having a long first supraciliary (shorter than second; but see remarks regarding species allied to A. litoralis where the first supraciliary is divided), the prefrontal usually contacting the nasal (separated from nasal), and the prefrontal separated from the first supraciliary (in contact, except in the A. lineolata series).


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CommentSynonymy that of CEI 1993.

Distribution: presence in Paraguay unclear. Reports from Paraguay may actually refer to A. abalosi or a yet undescribed species (Cacciali et al. 2016).

Maybe a species complex (ROCHA et al. 1997, 2000). Southern populations of this species have been redescribed as C. abalosi CABRERA 2012.

Type species: Teius ocellifer SPIX 1825 is the type species of the genus Ameivula HARVEY et al. 2012.

Group: this species is the founding member of the ocellifer group, distinguished by the presence of granules in the supraorbital semicircles, a lower number of femoral pores (less than 40), and the absence of preanal spurs (Rocha et al., 2000, Colli et al., 2003).

Behavior: epigeal diurnal

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin ocellus, diminutive of oculus = eye, referring to the spots on the side of the species, and the Latin adjective fero, ferre = to carry.

The genus name Ameivula is a feminine noun in the nominative singular and a diminutive form of Ameiva. Arias et al. (2011a,b) did not state whether their new specific epithets (confusionibus, cyanurus, and venetacaudus) are adjectives or nouns in apposition. HARVEY et al. 2012 consider these names to be adjectives and accordingly emend them to agree in gender with the feminine genus Ameivula. 
References
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