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Amphisbaena dubia MÜLLER, 1924

IUCN Red List - Amphisbaena dubia - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAmphisbaenidae, Amphisbaenia, Lacertoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Uncertain Worm Lizard
Portuguese: Cobra-de-Duas-Cabeças, Cobra-Cega 
SynonymAmphisbaena dubia MÜLLER 1924: 86
Amphisbaena dubia — GANS 1964: 2
Amphisbaena dubia — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 31
Amphisbaena dubia — GANS 2005: 13
Amphisbaena dubia — SOUSA et al. 2010 
DistributionBrazil (Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina)

Type locality: Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 26394. Not A. dubia Rathke, 1863: 126; cf. Gans, 1961a: 12; China, 1963b: 197 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A medium sized form of Amphishacna without major fusions of head shields; with one or more pairs of large parietals; with a blunt-tipped cylindrical tail without autotomy constriction or autotomy ; and with two clear round precloacal
pores in males and none [or two very faint indications only in females. Specimens have 213 to 231 body annuli ; 13 to 17 caudal annuli; 13 to 16 (generally 14 or 16) dorsal and 16 to 19 (generally 16 or 18) ventral segments to a midbody annulus; and two rows of postgenials and no postmalars. The color of preserved specimens is a light brown faintly countershaded. Segments bear a light circular spot. (Gans 1964)


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CommentSynonymy: This taxon is not preoccupied by A. dubia RATKE 1863 (a suppressed name), according to GANS (1961, 1964). GANS 1967 listed Amphisbaena dubia RATKE 1863 as a synonym of A. fuliginosa amazonica.

Distribution: not listed for Argentina fide AVILA et al. 2010, Lista de las lagartijas y anfisbaenas de Argentina. Reports from Argentina are apparently misidentifications (L. AVAILA, pers. comm. 21 Feb 2011).

Morphology: This species is one of ~20 species of Amphisbaena with two precloacal pores (Ribeiro et al. 2019). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin dubia, doubtful, dubious, uncertain; variable. (MÜLLER 1924, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Falcione, Camila and Alejandra Hernando 2010. A new karyotypic formula for the genus Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Phyllomedusa 9 (1): 75-80 - get paper here
  • Gans, C. 2005. CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE AMPHISBAENIA OF THE WORLD. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 289: 1-130 - get paper here
  • Gans, Carl 1961. Dubia (Amphisbaena) Rathke, 1863 (Reptilia, Squamata), Proposed suppression under the Plenary Powers. Z.N.(S.) 1466. Bull. Zool. Nomenclature 18: 220 - get paper here
  • Gans, Carl 1964. Redescription of Amphisbaena dubia Müller (Amphisbaenia: Reptilia). Breviora (205): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Gans, Carl 1967. A check list of recent amphisbaenians (Amphisbaenia, Reptilia). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 135:61-106. - get paper here
  • Gans, Carl; Bauer, Aaron M.;Günther, Rainer 1997. An annotated type catalogue of the amphisbaenians (Reptilia: Squamata: Amphisbaenia) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 73 (1): 41-50 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Linares, Antônio Meira and Paula Cabral Eterovick 2013. Herpetofaunal Surveys Support Successful Reconciliation Ecology in Secondary and Human-Modified Habitats at the Inhotim Institute, Southeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 69 (2): 237-256. - get paper here
  • MARQUES, O. A. V.; PEREIRA, D. N.; BARBO, F.E.; GERMANO, V.J. & SAWAYA, R. J. 2009. Os Répteis do Município de São Paulo: diversidade e ecologia da fauna pretérita e atual. Biota Neotropica 9: 1-12 - get paper here
  • Müller, L. 1924. Ueber neue oder seltene Mittel- und Südamerikanische Amphibien und Reptilien. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 11 (1): 75-93 [1923]
  • PINNA, PEDRO H.; ANDRÉ F. MENDONÇA; ADRIANA BOCCHIGLIERI & DANIEL S. FERNANDES 2010. A new two-pored Amphisbaena Linnaeus from the endangered Brazilian Cerrado biome (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Zootaxa 2569: 44–54 - get paper here
  • RIBEIRO, SÍRIA; JERRIANE O. GOMES, HELDER LÚCIO RODRIGUES DA SILVA, CARLOS EDUARDO D. CINTRA, NELSON JORGE DA SILVA JR. 2016. A new two-pored species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a key to the two-pored species of Amphisbaena. Zootaxa 4147 (2): 124–142 - get paper here
  • RIBEIRO, SÍRIA; VÂNIA SÁ, ALFREDO P. SANTOS-JR, ROBERTA GRABOSKI, HUSSAM ZAHER, ANDREI G. GUEDES, SHEILA P. ANDRADE, WILIAN VAZ-SILVA 2019. A new species of the Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado with a key for the two-pored species. Zootaxa 4550 (3): 301–320 - get paper here
  • SOUSA, B.M., NASCIMENTO, A.E.R., GOMIDES, S.C., VARELA RIOS, C.H., HUDSON, A.H. & NOVELLI, I.A. 2010. Reptiles in fragments of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest at the Campo das Vertentes, Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10 (2): 129-138 - get paper here
  • Teixeira, Mauro; Francisco Dal Vechio, Antonio Mollo Neto, and Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues 2014. A New Two-Pored Amphisbaena Linnaeus, 1758, from Western Amazonia, Brazil (Amphisbaenia: Reptilia). South American J. Herp. 9 (1): 62-74. - get paper here
  • Vanzolini, P.E. 2002. AN AID TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF AMPHISBAENA (SQUAMATA, AMPHISBAENIDAE). Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 42(15):351-362 - get paper here
  • Yanosky A Alberto. Dixon James R. Mercolli Claudia 1993. First record of Amphisbaena dubia Muller (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia) in Argentina. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 29 (2): 47-50 - get paper here
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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