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Amphisbaena camura COPE, 1862

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Higher TaxaAmphisbaenidae, Amphisbaenia, Lacertoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Crooked Worm Lizard
Portuguese: Cobra-de-Duas-Cabeças, Cobra-Cega 
SynonymAmphisbaena camura COPE 1862: 350
Amphisbaena camura — BOULENGER 1894: 344
Amphisbaena boliviana WERNER 1910: 35
Amphisbaena camura — GANS 1965: 22
Amphisbaena camura — GALLARDO 1969: 78
Amphisbaena camura — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 30
Amphisbaena camura — CEI 1993
Amphisbaena camura — DIRKSEN & DE LA RIVA 2000
Amphisbaena camura — GANS 2005: 12
Amphisbaena camura — CACCIALI et al. 2016 
DistributionParaguay, Bolivia (Amazonas, Beni, Santa Cruz, Tarija), Brazil (Mato Grosso)

Type locality: Paraguay  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: USNM 5860 (two specimens). 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS:A large-sized species of Amphisbaena with postrostral head shields paired, and without major fusions of head shields; with a short pointed head terminating in a rounded vertically oval tip; and with a relatively short, terminally rounded tail. Specimens having 194 to 217 body annuli; 14 to 26 caudal annuli; an autotomy annulus generally at fourth or fifth caudal; means of 28 to 42 dorsal and 27 to 45 ventral segments to a midbody annulus. Generally four to six precloacal pores or pore scars. Specimens brown above, lighter below, with segments pigmented uniformly and color gradually fading out along sides. Specimens having a light-colored nuchal band that may in some populations be obscured in adults or extended to cover snout. Meristic, size, and pattern characters showing marked geographic variation within above limits (cf. figs. 2, 3, and 4). (from Gans 1965: 22)


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CommentAmphisbaena camura bolivica MERTENS 1929 has been raised to species status by MONTERO 1996.

Distribution: not listed for Argentina fide AVILA et al. 2010, Lista de las lagartijas y anfisbaenas de Argentina. 
EtymologyNamed after L. camura, curved, bent, crooked. (COPE 1862, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1894. List of reptiles and batachians collected by Dr. T. Bohls near Asuncion, Paraguay. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 13: 342-348 - get paper here
  • Cabrera, M. R. 1993. Segundo registro de Amphisbaena camura Cope (Reptilia, Amphisbaenia) en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentia. Bol. Asoc. Herp. Argentina 9 (1): 7-8
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Cope, E.D. 1862. Catalogues of the reptiles obtained during the explorations of the Parana Paraguay, Vermejo and Uruguay rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U.S.N.; and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michier, U. S. Top. Eng., Commander of the expedition conducting the su Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 346-359. - get paper here
  • Costa HC, Welton LJ, Hallermann J 2018. An updated diagnosis of the rare Amphisbaena slateri Boulenger, 1907, based on additional specimens (Squamata, Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae). Evolutionary Systematics 2(2): 125-135 - get paper here
  • Dirksen, L. & De la Riva, I. 1999. The lizards and amphisbaenians of Bolivia (Reptilia, Squamata): checklist, localities, and bibliography. Graellsia 55: 199-215 - get paper here
  • Falcione, Camila and Alejandra Hernando 2010. A new karyotypic formula for the genus Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Phyllomedusa 9 (1): 75-80 - get paper here
  • Gans, C. 1965. Notes on amphisbaenids (Amphisbaenia, Reptilia). 17. A redescription and discussion of Amphisbaena angustifrons Cope and Amphisbaena camura Cope of southern South America. American Museum Novitates (2225): 1-32. - get paper here
  • Gans, C. 2005. CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE AMPHISBAENIA OF THE WORLD. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 289: 1-130 - get paper here
  • Gans, C., G.C. Huang & H.F. Clark 1967. The Diphyletism of the Amphisbaenia (Reptilia): A Re-Evaluation Based upon Chromosome Counts Copeia 1967 (2): 485-487. - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • LANGNER, C. 2019. Die geheimnisvollen Doppelschleichen (Amphisbaenia) - ein Leben im Untergrund Elaphe 2019 (6): 14-21
  • Rosenberg, Herbert I. 1967. Hemipenial morphology of some Amphisbaenids (Amphisbaenia: Reptilia). Copeia 1967 (2): 349-361 - get paper here
  • Strussmann, Christine & Tami Mott 2009. Sympatric amphisbaenids from Manso Dam region, Mato Grosso State, Western Brazil, with the description of a new two-pored species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 44 (1): 37 – 46 - get paper here
  • Vanzolini, P.E. 2002. AN AID TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF AMPHISBAENA (SQUAMATA, AMPHISBAENIDAE). Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 42(15):351-362 - get paper here
  • Werner,F. 1910. Über neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. ii. Eidechsen. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., vol. 27 (1909), suppl. no. 2, 1910, pp. 1-46; reprinted: 1910, Mitteil. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg, vol. 27: 205-) - get paper here
  • ZIEGLER, T., UNGER, J., FEILER, A. & E. LEHR 2002. The first Gran Chaco expedition of the Museum für Tierkunde Dresden: Records of amphibians, reptiles and mammals from the Dry Chaco of Paraguay (Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia). Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden 23: 219-238
 
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