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Anolis chrysolepis DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1837

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Goldenscale Anole
Portuguese: Calango, Camaleão, Papa-Vento 
SynonymAnolis chrysolepis DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 94
Draconura nitens WAGLER 1830: 149
Anolis refulgens DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 91
Draconura chrysolepis — GRAY 1845: 207
Anolis chrysolepis — DUMÉRIL & DUMÉRIL 1851: 56
Anolis scypheus COPE 1864 (fide VANZOLINI & WILLIAMS 1970)
Anolis nummifer O’SHAUGHNESSY 1875: 278
Anolis turmalis O’SHAUGHNESSY 1875: 278
Anolis lentiginosus O’SHAUGHNESSY 1875: 279
Anolis chrysolepis — BOULENGER 1885: 89
Anolis nitens — BOULENGER 1885: 91
Anolis lentiginosus — BOULENGER 1885: 93
Anolis (Draconura) chrysolepis — BOETTGER 1885: 215
Anolis longicrus ROUX 1907: 763
Anolis chrysolepis — BEEBE 1944: 197
Anolis incompertus — BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE 1946
Anolis nitens — ROZE 1958: 246
Anlis nitens bondi FOWLER (fide VANZOLINI & WILLIAMS 1970)
Anolis chrysolepis chrysolepis — VANZOLINI & WILLIAMS 1970
Anolis chrysolepis — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 51
Norops chrysolepis — SAVAGE & GUYER 1989: 110
Norops nitens — SAVAGE & GUYER 1991: 366
Norops nitens chrysolepis — SAVAGE & GUYER 1991: 366
Anolis nitens — AVILA-PIRES 1995
Anolis nitens chrysolepis — AVILA-PIRES 1995
Norops chrysolepis — VITT & ZANI 1996
Anolis nitens nitens — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Anolis nitens — NICHOLSON 2002
Anolis chrysolepis — D’ANGIOLELLA et al. 2011
Norops chrysolepis — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops nitens — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionS Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, N Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará north of the Amazon river)

Type locality: French Guiana and Suriname.

(Sub-) species no longer recognized:

nitens: Suriname, Guyana; Type locality: “America”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MNHN-RA 2456, paralectotype: MNHN-RA 2439 (chrysolepis)
Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.8.55 [scypheus]
Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.8.31 [lentiginosus]
Holotype: ANSP 18277 [bondi] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies: formerly recognized subspecies have been elevated to species level by D’ANGIOLELLA et al. 2011.

Synonymy partly after Peters et al. 1970, VANZOLINI & WILLIAMS 1970, and D’ANGIOLELLA et al. 2011. Note that A. refulgens "has never been used, except in synonymy or in type lists since its proposal. It is at once a nomen oblitum and a name that can be discarded on the first reviser principle" (Vanzolini & Williams, 1970:84).

Nomenclature: Myers (2008) suggested to conserve the name Anolis chrysolepis Duméril & Bibron, 1837, for a polytypic species of biogeographic importance. Being an older, less-used name, Anolis nitens (Wagler, 1830) was rejected in a major revision (Vanzolini & Williams, 1970) as a name ‘of uncertain application [and] uncertain geographical provenance’, the first term being equivalent to nomen dubium as defined in the Code. The specific name nitens was published with a 4-line description in the monotypic genus Draconura; the type locality (‘America’) is vague and the holotype is unknown. It is indeed a nomen dubium that cannot unambiguously be assigned to any known lizard, although the possibility that the brief color description might prove diagnostic of a species waiting rediscovery cannot be rejected. Article 23.3.6 of the Code allows authors to use the junior name Anolis chrysolepis as valid. However, although never in prevailing usage historically, Anolis nitens nonetheless remains in competing use because of prior (and arguable) interpretation of Article 23. It is a major source of instability. It is proposed that the name Anolis chrysolepis Duméril & Bibron, 1837, be given precedence over Draconura nitens Wagler, 1830, whenever the two are considered to be synonyms [from Myers 2008].

Distribution: Not listed for Ecuador by TORRES-CARVAJAL 2001 although AVILA-PIRES (1995) reported 2 localities in Ecuador, but Ecuador is not mentioned in D’ANGIOLELLA et al. 2011.

Species group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012) 
EtymologyNamed after Greek chrysos (χρϋσός), gold, to express anything made of gold + G. lepis (λεπίς), scale; epithelial debris. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
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