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Anolis spilorhipis ÁLVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH, 1956

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymAnolis tropidonotus spilorhipis ÁLVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH 1956: 9
Anolis tropidonotus spilorhipes — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008: 44 (in error)
Norops spilorhipis — KÖHLER et al. 2016
Norops spilorhipes — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 (in error)
Anolis spilorhipis — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionMexico (Chiapas)

Type locality: Mexico: [4 km SSW Villa Allende,] “Cerro Ombligo, 1280 m”, Chiapas; also known as San Fernando, “some 18 km. N Tuxtla Gutierrez”, M. Alvarez del Toro; March 20, 1954.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 37972, adult male 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “Similar to A. tropidonotus, having a deep axillary pocket; large, heavily keeled dorsals somewhat larger than ventrals; head scales more or less uniform in size and appearance, generally elongate and strongly keeled, some tricarinate;largest diameter of ear opening not more than 2/5 distance from eye opening;and snout-vent length reaching 58 mm in adults. Distinguishable from A. t. tropidonotus by having usually fewer scales between canthal ridges (5-8 in 8 examples, av. 6.6 in minimum count, 88% with 7 or fewer, as opposed to 7-10, av. 8.4 in 56 examples, 5.4% with 7 or fewer in A. t. tropidonotus), dewlap with one or two sharply defined black spots toward anterior edge (as opposed to a dim, dark curved streak near edge of dewlap, or no dark marking at all, in A. t. tropidonotus), and dorsal scales distinctly although but slightly larger than ventrals (subequal or smaller in A. t. tropidonotus).” (Alvarez del Toro 1956)


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CommentDistribution: see map in KÖHLER et al. 2016: 27 (Fig. 9). Not listed by Johnson et al. 2017 in their list of endemic Mexican reptiles.

Species group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012). Norops tropidonotus complex: N. compressicauda, N. tropidonotus, N. wampuensis, Norops mccraniei, Norops wilsoni, N. spilorhipis fide Köhler et al. 2016.

Synonymy: Mulcahy et al. 2022 discovered a study (Köhler et al. 2016) with 52 associated sequences submitted to GenBank as A. tropidonotus, of which only four were considered A. tropidonotus by the submitting authors, i.e. Köhler et al. 2016. The others 48 sequences represent two newly named species (A. mccranei and A. wilsoni) and a third resurrected species (A. spilorhipis). 
EtymologyNamed after Greek spilos (σπίλος), spot, fleck, blemish + Greek rhipis (ῥιπίς), a fan. [“...; a conspicuous, bold, elongate black spot just inside anterior edge of dewlap, and another smaller spot directly dorsal to the latter at junction of dewlap and body...”]. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Álvarez DEL TORO, M., & SMITH, H. M. 1956. Notulae herpetologicae Chiapasiae. I. Herpetologica 12: 3-17 - get paper here
  • Catenazzi, A., and P. J. Venegas 2012. Anfibios y reptiles/Amphibians and reptiles. in: N. Pitman, E. Ruelas Inzunza, D. Alvira, C. Vriesendorp, D. K. Moskovits, Á. del Campo, T. Wachter, D. F. Stotz, S. Noningo Sesén, E. Tuesta Cerrón, y/and R. C. Smith, eds. Perú: Cerros de Kampankis. R The Field Museum, Chicago, pp. 106–117, 260–271, 348–365 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Köhler, Gunther, Josiah H. Townsend and Claus Bo P. Petersen. 2016. Taxonomic revision of the Norops tropidonotus complex (Squamata, Dactyloidae), with the resurrection of N. spilorhipis (Alvarez del Toro and Smith, 1956) and the description of two new species. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 8–41 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A., and Gustavo Casas-Andreu. 2008. Standard Spanish, English and Scientific Names of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico. Herpetological Circular 38: 167 p.
  • Mulcahy DG, Ibáñez R, Jaramillo CA, Crawford AJ, Ray JM, Gotte SW, et al. 2022. DNA barcoding of the National Museum of Natural History reptile tissue holdings raises concerns about the use of natural history collections and the responsibilities of scientists in the molecular age. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0264930 - get paper here
  • Nicholson KE, C. Guyer, and JG Phillips 2017. Biogeographic Origin of Mainland Norops (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Assumptions Inhibiting Progress in Comparative Biology (eds. Crother and Parenti), pp. 169–184
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Phillips, JG, J. Deitloff, C. Guyer, S. Huetteman, and KE Nicholson 2015. Biogeography and evolution of a widespread Central American lizard species complex: Norops humilis, (Squamata: Dactyloidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 15: 143 - get paper here
 
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