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Anolis gingivinus COPE, 1864

IUCN Red List - Anolis gingivinus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Anguilla Bank Tree Anole, Anguilla bank anole, Anguilla Anole 
SynonymAnolis gingivinus COPE 1864: 170
Anolis gingivinus — BOULENGER 1885: 28
Anolis virgatus GARMAN 1887: 41
Anolis bimaculatus gingivinus — UNDERWOOD in WILLIAMS et al. 1959
Anolis bimaculatus gingivinus — LAZELL 1962: 435
Anolis gingivinus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 269
Anolis gingivinus — NICHOLSON et al. 2005
Ctenonotus gingivinus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Anolis gingivinus — THORPE 2022 
DistributionLesser Antilles: Anguilla Bank, St. Barthélemy; Gros îlet, Îlet Tortue, and Îlet Petit Jean

Introduced to Aruba (Behm et al. 2022).

Type locality: “Anguilla Rock near Trinidad"; restricted to Sandy Ground, Anguilla, by Lazell, 1972.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.8.29.18.20, ZMUC
Syntype: ANSP 23007; West Indies, St. Barts; UMMZ, MCZ, USNM 39300 [virgatus] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1035 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentFor illustrations see Lazell, 1972; Schwartz and Henderson, 1985.

Species group: Ctenonotus bimaculatus species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). 
EtymologyPossibly named after Latin gingiva, ‘gum’ and the suffix inus, a, um, which ‘expresses a belonging, a resemblance’. Cope (1864) did not explain his choice (Fretey 2023). 
References
  • Barbour, Thomas 1923. West Indian investigations of 1922. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (132): 1-9 - get paper here
  • BEHM, JOCELYN E.; GIANNA M. BUSALA & MATTHEW R. HELMUS. 2022. First records of three new lizard species and a range expansion of a fourth lizard species introduced to Aruba. BioInvasions Records 11: 1–11. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16: 166-181. - get paper here
  • FRÉTEY, T. 2023. Etymology of nomina of Amphibians and Reptiles of the French Antilles. Bionomina 35 (1): 20-50 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 - get paper here
  • Gorman, G.C. 1969. The zoogeography of Lesser Antillean Anolis lizards; an analysis based upon chromosomes and lactic dehydrogenases. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 138 (3): 53-80. - get paper here
  • Heselhaus, Ralf & Schmidt, Matthias 1995. Caribbean Anoles. TFH Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 65 pp.
  • KÖHLER, GUNTHER 2014. Characters of external morphology used in Anolis taxonomy—Definition of terms, advice on usage, and illustrated examples. Zootaxa 3774 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Larimer, Samantha C.; Powell, Robert; Parmerlee, John S. 2006. Effects of structural habitat on the escape behavior of the lizard, Anolis gingivinus. Amphibia-Reptilia 27 (4): 569-574 - get paper here
  • Lazell,J.D. 1972. The anoles (Sauria: Iguanidae) of the lesser Antilles. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 143 (1): 1-115 - get paper here
  • Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. 1999. Reptiles & Amphibians of the Eastern Caribbean. MacMillan, London & Oxford
  • MASSARY, Jean-Christophe DE; Corentin BOCHATON, Roger BOUR, Maël DEWYNTER, Ivan INEICH, Nicolas VIDAL & Jean LESCURE 2018. Liste taxinomique de l’herpétofaune dans l’outre-mer français: II. Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy. Bull. Soc. Herp. France 166 : 59-78 - get paper here
  • Nicholson, K. E., R. E. Glor, J. J. Kolbe, A. Larson, S. B. Hedges, and J. B. Losos 2005. Mainland colonization by island lizards. Journal of Biogeography 32: 929–938 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Powell, Robert and Aaron M. Bauer. 2012. Anolis gingivinus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (893): 1-8 - get paper here
  • Questel K. 2012. Anolis gingivinus (Anguilla Bank Tree Anole). Distribution. Caribbean Herpetology 33: 1 - get paper here
  • Roughgarden, J. 1995. Anolis Lizards of the Caribbean: Ecology, Evolution, and Plate Tectonics. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 200 pp.
  • Rovatsos, Michail; Marie Altmanová, Martina Pokorná and Lukáš Kratochvíl 2014. CONSERVED SEX CHROMOSOMES ACROSS ADAPTIVELY RADIATED ANOLIS LIZARDS. Evolution, DOI: 10.1111/evo.12357 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. and Henderson, R.W. 1985. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies exclusive of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Public Mus., 165 pp.
  • Stenson, Andrew G.; Roger S.Thorpe and Anita Malhotra 2004. Evolutionary differentiation of bimaculatus group anoles based on analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 1 –10 - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R. S., Barlow, A., Surget-Groba, Y., & Malhotra, A. 2018. Multilocus phylogeny, species age and biogeography of the Lesser Antillean anoles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R.S. 2022. Reptiles of the Lesser Antilles. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 608 pp. - get paper here
  • Uetz PH, Powell R. 2025. Etymologies of Caribbean reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 98: 1–9 - get paper here
  • Van Beest, P. & Haberham, Z.L. 2003. Een gebruiksaanwijzing voor een van de meest interssante gropen terrariumdiern:Anolissen ´Deel II: het terrarium. Lacerta 61 (4): 144-153 - get paper here
  • WERNING, Heiko 2012. Im Bad mit Anolis – ein Besuch bei Uwe Bartelt. Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (6): 88-92 - get paper here
  • Williams, Ernest E.; Quesnel, Victor C.; Kenny, Julian S.; Underwood,G. 1959. The anoles of the Eastern Caribbean (Sauria, Iguanidae) Part. I. Preface; Part II. Two sibling species of anoles in Trinidad; Part. III. Revisionary notes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 121 (5): 185-226 + 1 plate - get paper here
 
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