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Anolis aeneus GRAY, 1840

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Grenada Bush Anole, Bronze Anole 
SynonymAnolis aeneus GRAY 1840: 114
Anolis gentilis GARMAN 1887: 34
Anolis roquet var. cinereus GARMAN 1887: 35
Anolis cepedii cinereus GARMAN (fide KLUGE 1984: 7)
Anolis roquet aeneus — UNDERWOOD in WILLIAMS et al. 1959
Anolis roquet cinereus — UNDERWOOD in WILLIAMS et al. 1959
Anolis cepedii gentilis — COCHRAN 1961: 86
Anolis roquet aeneus — DONOSO-BARROS 1968
Anolis aeneus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 206
Anolis aeneus — NICHOLSON et al. 2005
Dactyloa aenea — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Dactyloa aenea — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionLesser Antilles: Petit Martinique, Grenadines, Guiana, Guyana, Grenada
Introduced to Trinidad (Lazell 1972).

Type locality: None given. Restricted to “Point Saline, Grenada” by Lazell 1972.  
ReproductionAnolis trinitatis hybridizes with the likewise introduced Anolis aeneus on Trinidad (Lazell 1972). However, hybrids show greatly reduced reproductive fitness (Gorman et al. 1971). 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.28.7
Syntype: ANSP 23006, West Indies, Petit Martinique [gentilis]
Syntypes: UMMZ 60237, MCZ, USNM 39295 [gentilis]
Syntypes: USNM 39298, UMMZ 60226, MCZ [cinereus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1105 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentKaryotype: Anolis trinitatis and Anolis aeneus have 36 and 34 chromosomes, respectively. Hybrids have 35 chromosomes (Gorman et al. 1968).

Synonymy after Lazell 1972.

Species groups: Dactyloa roquet species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). 
EtymologyNamed after its color: Latin “aenea/-us” = bronze, copper, or ore. 
References
  • Cole, Charles J.; Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317-578; plates: 580-620 - get paper here
  • Creer, Douglas A., Kevin de Queiroz, Todd R. Jackman, Jonathan B. Losos and Allan Larson 2001. Systematics of the Anolis roquet series of the southern Lesser Antillies. Journal of Herpetology 35 (3): 428-441 - get paper here
  • Daudin, Jacques; de Silva, Mark. 2007. An annotated checklist of the amphibians and terrestrial reptiles of the Grenadines with notes on their local natural history and conservation. Applied Herpetology 4 (2):163-175 - get paper here
  • Donoso-Barros, R. 1968. The lizards of Venezuela (checklist and key). Carib. J. Sci. 8 (3-4): 105-122
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Gorman, G. C.;Yang, S. Y. 1975. A low level of backcrossing between the hybridizing Anolis lizards of Trinidad. Herpetologica 31 (2): 196-198 - get paper here
  • Gorman, G.C. 1969. The zoogeography of Lesser Antillean Anolis lizards; an analysis based upon chromosomes and lactic dehydrogenases. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 138 (3): 53-80. - get paper here
  • Gorman, George 2010. Rip Van Winkle attends the Anolis Symposium, wakes up, and shares some thoughts. Anolis Newsletter VI: 56-63 - get paper here
  • Gorman, George C. & Atkins, Leonard 1968. The relationships of the Anolis of the roquet species group (Sauria: Iguanidae). III. Comparative study of display behavior. Breviora (284): 1-31 - get paper here
  • Gorman, George C.;Atkins, Leonard 1968. Natural hybridization between two sibling species of Anolis lizards: Chromosome cytology. Science 159 (March): 1358-1360 - get paper here
  • Gorman, George, Paul Licht, Herbert C. Desshauser, and Julius O. Boos 1971. Reproductive Failure Among the Hybridizing Anolis Lizards of Trinidad. Systematic Zoology 20: 1–18 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1840. Catalogue of the species of reptiles collected in Cuba by W. S. MacLeay, esq.; with some notes on their habits extracted from his MS. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 5: 108-115. - get paper here
  • Helmus, Matthew R.; Jocelyn E. Behm, Wendy A.M. Jesse, Jason J. Kolbe,Jacintha Ellers, and Jonathan B. Losos 2016. EXOTICS EXHIBIT MORE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY THAN NATIVES: A COMPARISON OF THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF EXOTIC AND NATIVE ANOLE LIZARDS. In: Invasion Genetics: The Baker and Stebbins Legacy, First Edition. Edited by Spencer C. H. Barrett, Robert I. Colautti, Katrina M. Dlugosch, and Loren H. Rieseberg; John Wiley & Sons, pp. 122-138 (publication year given as 2017 in the book) - get paper here
  • John, Rebecca R., Hayden D. Hedman and Robert Powell. 2012. Anolis aeneus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (892): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Kluge, Arnold G. 1984. Type-specimens of reptiles in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. [type catalogue] Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (167): 1-85 - get paper here
  • Lazell,J.D. 1972. The anoles (Sauria: Iguanidae) of the lesser Antilles. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 143 (1): 1-115 - get paper here
  • Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. 1999. Reptiles & Amphibians of the Eastern Caribbean. MacMillan, London & Oxford
  • McTaggart, Audrey L.; Daniel P. Quinn, John S. Parmerlee, Robert W. Henderson, and Robert Powell 2011. A Rapid Assessment of Reptilian Diversity on Union Island, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. South American J. Herp. 6 (1): 59-65. - get paper here
  • Nicholson, K. E., R. E. Glor, J. J. Kolbe, A. Larson, S. B. Hedges, and J. B. Losos 2005. Mainland colonization by island lizards. Journal of Biogeography 32: 929–938 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • POCHE, A. J. Jr. & POWELL, R. & HENDERSON, R. W. 2005. Sleep-site selection and fidelity in Grenadian Anoles. Herpetozoa 18: 3-10 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Pogoda, P. 2018. Auf Expedition in der „verlorenen Welt“ – herpetologische Eindrücke aus dem Naturreservat Iwokrama in Zentral-Guyana. Reptilia 23 (129): 70-79
  • Roughgarden, J. 1995. Anolis Lizards of the Caribbean: Ecology, Evolution, and Plate Tectonics. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 200 pp.
  • Schmidt, J. 1980. Warum eigentlich immer Anolis carolinensis? Teil 2. Herpetofauna 2 (5): 22-25 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Simmons, P. M., B. T. Greene, K. E. Williamson, R. Powell and J. S. J. Parmerlee 2005. Ecological interactions within a lizard community on Grenada. Herpetologica 61 (2): 124-134 - get paper here
  • Stamps, J.A. 1973. Displays and Social Organization in female Anolis aeneus Copeia 1973 (2): 264-272. - get paper here
  • Stamps, J.A. 1976. Egg Retention, Rainfall and Egg Laying in a Tropical Lizard Anolis aeneus Copeia 1976 (4): 759-764. - get paper here
  • Stamps, J.A. 1977. Rainfall, Moisture and Dry Season Growth Rates in Anolis aeneus Copeia 1977 (3): 415-419. - get paper here
  • Stamps, J.A. & D.P. Crews 1976. Seasonal Changes in Reproduction and Social Behavior in the Lizard Anolis aeneus Copeia 1976 (3): 467-476. - get paper here
  • Stamps, J.A. & S. Tanaka 1981. The relationship between food and social behavior in juvenile lizards (Anolis aeneus) Copeia 1981 (2): 422-434. - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R. S., Barlow, A., Malhotra, A. and Surget-Groba, Y. 2015. Widespread parallel population adaptation to climate variation across a radiation: implications for adaptation to climate change. Molecular Ecology 24: 1019–1030. doi: 10.1111/mec.13093 - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R. S., Barlow, A., Surget-Groba, Y., & Malhotra, A. 2018. Multilocus phylogeny, species age and biogeography of the Lesser Antillean anoles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Thorpe, R.S. 2022. Reptiles of the Lesser Antilles. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 608 pp. - get paper here
  • Van Beest, P. and Haberham, Z.L. 2003. Een gebruikaanwijzing voor één van de meest interssante groepen terrarumdieren: Anolissen Deel I. Lacerta 61 (2): 53-64 - get paper here
  • Williams, Ernest E.; Quesnel, Victor C.; Kenny, Julian S.; Underwood,G. 1959. The anoles of the Eastern Caribbean (Sauria, Iguanidae) Part. I. Preface; Part II. Two sibling species of anoles in Trinidad; Part. III. Revisionary notes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 121 (5): 185-226 + 1 plate - get paper here
 
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