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Anolis fuscoauratus D’ORBIGNY, 1837

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Brown-eared Anole, Slender anole
Portuguese: Anoles, Calango, Calango-Bandeira, Papa-Vento 
SynonymAnolis fusco-auratus D’ORBIGNY in DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 110
Dactyloa (Tropidopilus) fusco-auratus — FITZINGER 1843: 67
Anolis viridiaeneus PETERS 1863: 147
Anolis bocourtii COPE 1875: 167 (fide POE & YAÑEZ-MIRANDA 2008)
Anolis bocourtii — BOULENGER 1885: 50
Anolis Brumetii THOMINOT 1887: 184
Anolis fusco-auratus — BOULENGER 1885: 48
Anolis bruneti — BOULENGER 1888: 10
Anolis scapularis BOULENGER 1908: 113
Anolis kugleri ROUX 1929: 29 (fide AVILA-PIRES 1995)
Anolis fuscoauratus kugleri — SHREVE 1947: 523
Anolis fuscoauratus kugleri — ROZE 1958: 311
Anolis fuscoauratus — RAND & HUMPHREY 1968: 6
Anolis bocourtii — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 49
Anolis scapularis — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 65
Anolis fuscoauratus kugleri — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 54
Anolis fuscoauratus fuscoauratus — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 54
Anolis fuscoauratus fuscoauratus — DIXON & SOINI 1975
Anolis fuscoauratus kugleri — HOOGMOED & LESCURE 1975
Norops fuscoauratus — SAVAGE & GUYER 1989: 110
Anolis fuscoauratus — DIRKSEN & DE LA RIVA 1999
Anolis scapularis — DIRKSEN & DE LA RIVA 1999
Norops fuscoauratus — KÖHLER 2000: 62
Anolis fuscoauratus — LEHR 2002: 81
Norops bocourtii — NICHOLSON 2002
Norops fuscoauratus — NICHOLSON 2002
Norops scapularis — NICHOLSON 2002
Norops bocourtii — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops fuscoauratus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops scapularis — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops fuscoauratus — MORATO et al. 2014
Anolis fuscoauratus — GRISALES-MARTÍNEZ et al. 2017
Norops fuscoauratus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Norops bocourtii — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Norops scapularis — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Anolis aff. fuscoauratus — BATISTA et al. 2020 
DistributionEcuador (elevation 518 m, up to 1800 m),
Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Santa Cruz), Peru (Pasco etc.), Venezuela, Brazil (incl. Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Ceará, Pará, Amazonas, Rondônia, Acre, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Sergipe), Colombia, Guiana, Suriname, French French Guiana, Guyana, Panama

kugleri: Venezuela; Type locality: El Mene, Acosta District, Estado Falcón, Venezuela.

Type locality: corrected by D’Orbigny (1847) to Río Mamoré, between Loreto and “le confluent du Río Sara”, Bolivia, and by BOCOURT (1873) to Provincia Moxas, Bolivia (see comment) [cited after PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970].

bocourti: Peru; Type locality: Nauta, Peru

scapularis: N Bolivia (Santa Cruz), W Peru (VertNet); Type locality: Provincia del Sara, eastern Bolivia, 600 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MNHN-RA 2420 (indicated as lectotype in MNHN catalogue)
Syntype: UMMZ 60218, MCZ 12443, 14942–14945 [bocourti]
Syntypes: (7) ANSP 11372, 11374-75, 11377, 11379-81 [bocourti]
Holotype: NMBA = NHMB [kugleri]
Holotype: BMNH ? [scapularis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A brownish/greyish anole with granular, weakly keeled dorsals, and larger (but relatively small), smooth ventrals. Digital expansions well-developed, expanded lamellae under fourth toe about twice as wide as distal phalanx. Scales on posterior part of snout heterogeneous in size, uni- or multicarinate. Supraorbital semicircles separated by one to three scales. One to four suboculars in contact with supralabials. Tibia length 0.21-0.25 (0.23 ± 0.01) times the SVL. No narrow light stripes across chin and limbs. Dewlap variable incolour (in shades of red, yellow, olive, and grey), in some specimens bicoloured; very large in males, distinctly smaller in females. Maximum SVL c. 50 mm (Avila-Pires 1995: 57).


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CommentDistribution: The type locality given by D’Orbigny 1837 (“Chile”) is erroneous. Fernando Castro [pers. comm.] thinks that this species does not reach Panama and that reports from Panama may be actually A. maculiventris.

Synonymy and subspecies partly after PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970. Anolis urraoi, mentioned in AYALA 1986 as a nomen nudum, seems to be related to A. fuscoauratus but probably a distinct species (POET et al. 2009).
The validity of Anolis scapularis has been questioned. HENLE & EHRL (1991) as well as E.E. WILLIAMS (cited in POE & YAÑEZ-MIRANDA 2008) consider it as a synonym of A. fuscoauratus. There are only 2 specimens assigned to this species in VertNet (Mar 2018).

Species group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012)

Diet: a large percentage of the diet of this species (10-30%) consists of ants (Lucas et al. 2023). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin fuscus, dark, swarthy, dusky; husky; hoarse + Latin auratus, gilded, overlaid, adorned with gold, golden. (DÓRBIGNYI 1837, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
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