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Anolis proboscis PETERS & ORCES, 1956

IUCN Red List - Anolis proboscis - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Horned Anole, Pinocchio lizard
G: (Nas-) Hornanolis, Pinocchioechse
S: Camaleón sudamericano de hoja nasal de los Andes 
SynonymAnolis proboscis PETERS & ORCES 1956
Anolis proboscis — LEHR 2002: 203
Dactyloa proboscis — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Dactyloa proboscis — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionEcuador (Pichincha), Peru ?

Type locality: “Neighbourhood of Cunuco, a small town at 1200 meters elevation, five kilometers northwest of Mindo, on the south bank of the Rio Mindo, a northern tributary of the upper Rio Blanco, in Pichincha Province, Ecuador”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 54300 
Diagnosis 
CommentDistribution: POE & YAÑEZ-MIRANDA 2008 cannot confirm this species from Peru and suspect that these records are misidentifications.

The rostral horn notwithstanding, A. proboscis is indistinguishable from Greater Antillean anoles of the “twig” ecomorph class in morphology, ecology, and behavior. The possession of a horn only by males suggests a role in sexual selection.

Species groups: Dactyloa heteroderma species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012).

Abundance: Rare. This is one of the species called 'lost' and 'rediscovered' by Lindken et al. 2024. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin proboscis, trunk; proboscis; snout. [“...distinguished from all other species but one in the genus Anolis by the presence of an elongated, fleshy appendage, which is about as long as the head, on the snout...”]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) 
References
  • ALMENDÁRIZ, A., AND C. VOGT 2007. Anolis proboscis (Sauria: Polychrotidae), una lagartija rara pero no extinta. Politécnica 27 (Biología series 7): 157-159.
  • Arteaga AF, Bustamante-Enríquez LM and Guayasamin JM 2013. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Mindo. http://www.tropicalherping.com - get paper here
  • Carrera, C. et al. 2009. Guía de Campo de los Pequeños Vertebrados del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito (DMQ). Publicación Miscelánea N° 5. Serie de Publicaciones del Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN) – Fondo Ambiental del MDMQ. 1-89 pp. Imprenta Nuevo Arte. Quito-Ecuador.
  • Ineich, I., Koppetsch, T., & Böhme, W. 2022. Pinocchio lizards and other lizards bearing rostral appendages− the peculiar habitus of the draconine agamid Harpesaurus tricinctus with highlights on its ecological implications and convergence with its New World equivalent, the dactyloid Anolis pro Salamandra 58(2): 123–138. - get paper here
  • LANGNER, C. 2015. Das Porträt: Anolis proboscis (PETERS & ORECE, 1956). Sauria 37 (2): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru. Natur und Tier-Verlag (Münster), 208 pp. - get paper here
  • Lindken T.; Anderson, C. V., Ariano-Sánchez, D., Barki, G., Biggs, C., Bowles, P., Chaitanya, R., Cronin, D. T., Jähnig, S. C., Jeschke, J. M., Kennerley, R. J., Lacher, T. E. Jr., Luedtke, J. A., Liu, C., Long, B., Mallon, D., Martin, G. M., Meiri, 2024. What factors influence the rediscovery of lost tetrapod species? Global Change Biology, 30: 1-18 - get paper here
  • Losos, J. B. 2009. Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Losos, Jonathan B.; Melissa L. Woolley, D. Luke Mahler, Omar Torres-Carvajal, Kristen E. Crandell, Eric W. Schaad, Andrea E. Narváez, Fernando Ayala-Varela, and Anthony Herrel 2012. Notes on the Natural History of the Little-Known Ecuadorian Horned Anole, Anolis proboscis. Breviora (531): 1-17 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Patton, Austin H.; Luke J. Harmon, María del Rosario Castañeda, Hannah K. Frank, Colin M. Donihue, Anthony Herrel, and Jonathan B. Losos 2021. When adaptive radiations collide: Different evolutionary trajectories between and within island and mainland lizard clades. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 10.1073/pnas.2024451118 - get paper here
  • Peters, J.A. & Orces V,G. 1956. A third leaf-nosed species of the lizard genus Anolis from South America. Breviora (62): 1-8 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2010. Finding Anolis proboscis. Anolis Newsletter VI: 171-173 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Poe, Steven and Christian Yañez-Miranda 2008. Another New Species of Green Anolis (Squamata: Iguania) from the Eastern Andes of Peru. Journal of Herpetology 42 (3): 564 - get paper here
  • Poe, Steven; Fernando Ayala, Ian M. Latella, Thomas L. Kennedy, James A. Christensen, Levi N. Gray, Natalie J. Blea, Beeling M. Armijo, and Eric W. Schaad 2012. Morphology, Phylogeny, and Behavior of Anolis proboscis. Breviora (530): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Williams,E.E. 1979. South American Anoles: the species groups. 2. The proboscis anoles (Anolis laevis group). Breviora (449): 1-19 - get paper here
  • Yánez-Muñoz, Mario H.; Miguel A. Urgilés, Marco Altamirano B., Stalin R. Cáceres S. 2010. Redescripción de Anolis proboscis Peters & Orcés (Reptilia: Polychrotidae), con el descubrimiento de las hembras de la especie y comentarios sobre su distribución y taxonomía. Avances en Ciencias e Ingeniería, 2, 1-14 - get paper here
 
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