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Anolis ustus COPE, 1864

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymAnolis ustus COPE 1864
Anolis ustus — BOULENGER 1885: 73
Anolis ustus — BARBOUR & COLE 1906: 148
Anolis ustus — STUART 1963
Anolis ustus — LARA-TUFIÑO et al. 2016
Anolis ustus — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionMexico (Campeche, Yucatán, Quintana Roo), Guatemala, Belize

Type locality: “Belize”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.8.5.60-61 (60: female, 61: male) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: The males of this lizard reach at maximum size of 44.59 mm in snout-vent length (SVL) and the females 48.93 mm, length of the tail is at least twice the SVL. The head is elongated and distinctive of the body, which is slender; the limbs are long and slender, and shank does not exceed the length of the head. Anolis ustus differs from others species of Anolis genus, except of A. sericeus, A. wellbornae and A. unilobatus by the following combination of characters: first superciliary scale elongated, ventral scales strongly keeled and larger than dorsal scales, besides having in males a yellow or orange dewlap with a central blue or purple spot. Differs from other species of the A. sericeus complex (A. unilobatus, A. sericeus and A. wellbornae) by having a small dewlap of almost the same size in males and females (< 58 mm2 and < 50 mm2, respectively), whereas in the others species of the complex, the dewlap in males is much larger than females (> 85 mm2 and < 40 mm2, respectively). In addition, males of A. ustus has less than six gorgetal scales, whereas in the others species have more than eight gorgetal scales. On the other hand, A. ustus has a greater number of dorsal and ventral scales than A. sericeus (LARA-TUFIÑO, pers. comm. 5 Oct 2016).
 
CommentSynonymy: A. ustus has been considered as a synonym of A. sericeus for decades but was revalidated by LARA-TUFIÑO et al. 2016. Not listed by Nicholson et al. 2018.

Species group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012, by implication) 
EtymologyNamed after Latin ustus, burn, scorched, brown. [“...Yellowish brown, with several short, irregular, darker, lighter bordered, half-fasciae above...”]. 
References
  • Badillo-Saldaña, L.M., Pineda, E. & Ramírez-Bautista, A. 2024. From tropical forest to agroecosystems: changes in functional and species diversity of lizards in Mexican Caribbean. Agroforest Syst (2024) - get paper here
  • Badillo-Saldaña, Luis M, Aaron García-Rosales, and Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista. 2022. Influence of Microhabitat Use on Morphology Traits of Three Species of the Anolis Sericeus Complex (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in Mexico. Zoology 152: 126003 - get paper here
  • Barbour, T., and L. J. Cole. 1906. Vertebrata from Yucatan. Reptilia, Amphibia and Pisces. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 50: 146-159 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16: 166-181. - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Lara-Tufiño JD, Nieto-Montes de Oca A, Ramírez-Bautista A, Gray LN 2016. Resurrection of Anolis ustus Cope, 1864 from synonymy with Anolis sericeus Hallowell, 1856 (Squamata, Dactyloidae). ZooKeys 619: 147–162, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.619.9650 - get paper here
  • Nahuat-Cervera, Pedro Enrique 2020. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hobonil Educative Center, Tzucacab, Yucatán, Mexico. Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 3 (1): 53-65 - get paper here
  • Werler, J. E., & SMITH, H. M. 1952. Notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from Mexico, 1951-1952. Texas Journal of Science 14: 551-573. - get paper here
 
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