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Anolis garmani STEJNEGER, 1899

IUCN Red List - Anolis garmani - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Jamaican Giant Anole, Jamaican anole, Jamaica Giant Anole 
SynonymAnolis garmani STEJNEGER 1899
Lacerta bullaris LINNAEUS 1758: 208
Anolis bimaculatus — DAUDIN 1802: 55 (part.)
Anolis Edwardsii — GRIFFITH & PIDGEON 1831: 228 (not of MERREM 1820)
Anolis variabilis GUILDING 1834: 582 (?)
Anolis equestris — DE LA SAGRA 1838: 76 (part.)
Dactyloa Edwardsii — GRAY 1840: 111 (part.)
Ctenonotus Edwardsii — FITZINGER 1843: 64
Dactyloa Edwardsii — GOSSE 1851
Eupristis Edwardsii — COPE 1861: 215
Anolis garmani — BARBOUR 1910: 275
Norops garmani — SAVAGE & GUYER 1991
Anolis garmani — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 92
Anolis garmani — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 267
Norops garmani — NICHOLSON 2002
Anolis garmani — LOSOS 2007
Norops garmani — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops garmani — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionJamaica, Cayman I
USA (Florida: introduced),

Type locality: Jamaica.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: nondesignated. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Distinguished from other Jamaican anoles by its large size, emerald green to black coloration, and orange and green dewlap pattern (RUSSEL & BAUER 1991).


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CommentFor illustrations see Trivers, 1976; Schwartz and Henderson, 1985. Synonymy partly after RUSSEL & BAUER 1991.

Species group: Norops valencienni species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012).

Synonymy: Anolis variabilis GUILDING 1834 may be a synonym of A. garmani, apparently proposed as a substitute name for Lacerta bullaris (but without much details provided by Guilding). Guilding also seems to have considered green-colored anoles from throughout the West Indies all to belong to the same species, fide K. de Queiroz, pers. comm., 28 Dec 2022. 
EtymologyNamed after Samuel W. Garman (1843-1927), then curator of the herpetological collections at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard. 
References
  • Barbour, T. 1910. Notes on the herpetology of Jamaica. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 52: 273—301 - get paper here
  • Baum, T. 2008. Jamaika, seine Leguane und der Riesenanaolis Anolis garmani. Reptilia (Münster) 13 (72): 73-80 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1861. Notes and descriptions of anoles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 208-215. - get paper here
  • Daudin, F. M. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Reptiles, Vol. 4. F. Dufart, Paris, 397 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium, fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien: 106 pp. - get paper here
  • GARNER, AUSTIN M.; MICHAEL C. WILSON, CAITLIN WRIGHT, ANTHONY P. RUSSELL, PETER H. NIEWIAROWSKI & ALI DHINOJWALA. 2022. Parameters of the adhesive setae and setal fields of the Jamaican radiation of anoles (Dactyloidae: Anolis): potential for ecomorphology at the microscopic scale. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 137(1): 85–99. - get paper here
  • Gibbons, Whit; Judy Greene, and Tony Mills 2009. LIZARDS AND CROCODILIANS OF THE SOUTHEAST. University of Georgia Press, 240 pp.
  • Gosse, P. H. 1851. A Naturalist's Sojourn in Jamaica. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London. - get paper here
  • Grant, C. 1940. The herpetology of Jamaica Il. The reptiles. Bull. Inst. Jamaica., Sci. Ser. 1: 61-148.
  • Griffith, E & E. Pidgeon 1831. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed [Vol. 9]. Henry Baylis, London: 481 + 110 pp. - get paper here
  • GUILDING, LANSDOWN 1834. ART. VII. Notes on Luminous Insects, chiefly of the West Indies; on Luminous Meteors ; on I'gnes Fátui on the Luminousness of the Sea and on the Powers possessed by the Races of Lizards, of voluntarily changing their Colour: with other Information on the Habits of Lizards. Magazine of natural history and journal of zoology, botany, mineralogy, geology and meteorology - get paper here
  • Helmus, Matthew R.; Jocelyn E. Behm, Wendy A.M. Jesse, Jason J. Kolbe,Jacintha Ellers, and Jonathan B. Losos 2016. EXOTICS EXHIBIT MORE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY THAN NATIVES: A COMPARISON OF THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF EXOTIC AND NATIVE ANOLE LIZARDS. In: Invasion Genetics: The Baker and Stebbins Legacy, First Edition. Edited by Spencer C. H. Barrett, Robert I. Colautti, Katrina M. Dlugosch, and Loren H. Rieseberg; John Wiley & Sons, pp. 122-138 (publication year given as 2017 in the book) - get paper here
  • Heselhaus, Ralf & Schmidt, Matthias 1995. Caribbean Anoles. TFH Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 65 pp.
  • Hilgenhof, R. J. 1998. Eine herpetologische Reise nach Nordost - Jamaika unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Anolis Daudin, 1802 - Teil I. Sauria 20 (2): 15-27 - get paper here
  • Hilgenhof, R. J. 1998. Eine herpetologische Reise nach Nordost - Jamaika unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Anolis Daudin, 1802 - Teil II. Sauria 20 (3): 3-10 - get paper here
  • Jackman, Tod R.; Irschick, Duncan J.; de Queiroz, Kevin; Losos, Jonathan; Larson, Allan 2002. Molecular Phylogenetic Perspective on Evolution of Lizards of the Anolis grahami Series. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol. 294 (1):1-16 - get paper here
  • Jenssen, Thomas A. 1977. Evolution of Anoline Lizard Display Behavior. American Zoologist 17: 203-215 - get paper here
  • Kolbe, J.J.; Richard E. GLOR, LOURDES RODRIGUEZ SCHETTINO, ADA CHAMIZO LARA, ALLAN LARSON AND JONATHAN B. LOSOS 2007. Multiple Sources, Admixture, and Genetic Variation in Introduced Anolis Lizard Populations. Conservation Biology 21 (6): 1612–1625 - get paper here
  • Krintler, K. 1985. Anolis garmani STEJNEGER, 1899. Sauria 7 (4) Suppl.: 031–032 - get paper here
  • Losos, J. B. 2009. Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Losos, J.B. 2007. Detective Work in the West Indies: Integrating Historical and Experimental Approaches to Study Island Lizard Evolution. BioScience 57 (7): 585-597 - get paper here
  • Macedonia, Joseph M.; David L. Clark, and Alison L. Tamasi 2014. Does Selection Favor Dewlap Colors that Maximize Detectability? A Test with Five Species of Jamaican Anolis Lizards. Herpetologica Jun 2014, Vol. 70, No. 2: 157-170. - get paper here
  • McAllister, Chris T., Charles R. Bursey and Paul S. Freed 2010. Anolis garmani: Nematode parasite. Herpetological Review 41 (3): 349 - get paper here
  • Mendyk, R W 2018. Anolis garmani (Jamaican Giant Anole) Hermaphroditism. Herpetological Review 49 (3): 488-489 - get paper here
  • Meshaka Jr., Walter E. 2011. A RUNAWAY TRAIN IN THE MAKING: THE EXOTIC AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, TURTLES, AND CROCODILIANS OF FLORIDA. Herp. Cons. Biol. 6 (Monograph 1): 1-101 - get paper here
  • Nicholson, K.E. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis and a test of the current infrageneric classification of Norops (beta Anolis). Herpetological Monographs 16: 93-120 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Rovatsos, Michail; Marie Altmanová, Martina Pokorná and Lukáš Kratochvíl 2014. CONSERVED SEX CHROMOSOMES ACROSS ADAPTIVELY RADIATED ANOLIS LIZARDS. Evolution, DOI: 10.1111/evo.12357 - get paper here
  • Russell, A. P. and A. M. Bauer 1991. Anolis garmani. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (513) - get paper here
  • Savage,J.M. & Guyer,C. 1991. Nomenclatural notes on Anoles (Sauria: Polychridae): stability over priority. Journal of Herpetology 25 (3): 365-366 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. and Henderson, R.W. 1985. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies exclusive of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Public Mus., 165 pp.
  • Stejneger, L. 1899. A new name for the great crested Anolis of Jamaica. American Naturalist 33: 601-602. - get paper here
  • Trivers, R.L. 1976. Sexual selection and resource-accruing abilities in Anolis garmamii. Evolution 30: 253-69. - get paper here
  • Underwood, G. and E. E. Williams. 1959. The anoline lizards of Jamaica. Bull. Inst. Jamaica Sci. Ser. 9: 1-48. - get paper here
  • Van Beest, P. & Haberham, Z.L. 2003. Een gebruiksaanwijzing voor een van de meest interssante gropen terrariumdiern:Anolissen ´Deel II: het terrarium. Lacerta 61 (4): 144-153 - get paper here
  • Williams, E. E.; Rand, A. S. 1977. Species recognition, dewlap function and faunal size. American Zoologist 17: 261-270 - get paper here
  • Yuan, M. L., M. H. Wake, and I. J. Wang. 2019. Phenotypic integration between claw and toepad traits promotes microhabitat specialization in the Anolis adaptive radiation. Evolution 73: 231–244 - get paper here
 
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