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Anolis maia (BATISTA, VESELY, MEBERT, LOTZKAT & KÖHLER, 2015)

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymDactyloa maia BATISTA, VESELY, MEBERT, LOTZKAT & KÖHLER 2015
Dactyloa maia — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionPanama

Type locality: along the trail that connects the Comarca Wargandí and the Comarca Guna Yala, about 10 km northeast of the village Nurra, 9.06142° N, 77.97961° W, 344 m asl., Corregimiento de Nurra, Comarca Wargandí, Panama  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: SMF 97268, adult male (Figs. 4E, 5E, 6D, 9 in Batista et al. 2015), from the ridge of the Serranía de Darién (Fig. 1); collected by Abel Batista and Milan Vesely on 03 October 2012; original field number AB 760. Paratypes. All from Panama: SMF 97269, a male, from Cerro la Javillosa Ambroya, Torti, Chepo, Panama province, collected on 28 September 2012, 19:39 hrs, 8.92267° N, 78.62530° W, 851 m asl, collected by Abel Batista and Milan Vesely; MHCH 2782, a female, same collecting data as holotype; MHCH 2781 and MHCH 2783, females, respectively, from Cerro Pechito Parado, Bajo pequeño, Lajas blancas, Cémaco, Comarca Emberá- Wounáan, on 07 November 2012, 8.47911° N, 77.52799° W, 718 m asl, collected by Abel Batista; SMF 97270, a female from la Cascada trail, Burbayar private reservation, Cartí, Narganá, Comarca Guna Yala, on 26 November 2012, 9.31577° N, 79.00580° N, 322 m asl, collected by Abel Batista and Konrad Mebert. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A moderate-sized species (SVL 62–78 mm) of the genus Dactyloa, D. latifrons species group (sensu Nicholson et al. 2012), that is most similar in external morphology to D. pupurescens, D. limon, and D. ibanezi, and according to molecular evidence is most closely related to D. pupurescens and D. ibanezi (Fig. 7). These four species share a moderate adult size (SVL 62–88 mm); a large dewlap; a peculiar flank pattern in males, which is green with dark oblique bands, or blotches, or ocelli always arranged in oblique rows (Fig. 5); enlarged postcloacal scales in males; and smooth ventrals. Dactyloa maia can readily be distinguished from these three species by its color pattern and morphology (Figs. 3–6; Table 1–2), and from the remaining species of Dactyloa within the D. latifrons group by its moderate size (SVL < 100 mm); and the orange male dewlap with an uninterrupted white margin. Dactyloa maia can be differentiated from D. limon by its male dewlap coloration which is orange with an uninterrupted white margin (vs. yellowish near the throat and tan on distal portion, or uniformly light tan in D. limon; Fig. 4). Dactyloa maia further differs from D. purpurescens, D. limon and D. ibanezi in the color pattern of the flanks as follows: Dactyloa maia has oblique rows of turquoise ocelli or oblique dark green bands without sexual dimorphism (Fig. 8); in D. limon, males have wide dark green bands on the flanks whereas females have diffuse dark green spots distributed evenly or randomly; males of D. purpurescens exhibit oblique rows of ocelli or blotches whereas females have dark green spots arranged in oblique rows; in D. ibanezi both sexes exhibit oblique thin black lines. The hemipenis of D. maia is a small, unilobate organ (slightly bilobate in D. ibanezi; no information available for D. limon and D. purpurescens). Also, Dactyloa maia differs from D. purpurescens, D. limon, and D. ibanezi in mean values of several morphological characters as follows (mean values for D. purpurescens, D. limon, and D. ibanezi presented in that order): HL/SVL 0.27 in Dactyloa maia vs. 0.25, 0.23 and 0.26,.LST 64.7 in Dactyloa maia vs. 62.8, 43.7, and 44.5; number of scales between first and second canthals 14.5/12.3 (first canthals/second canthals) in Dactyloa maia vs 12.9/10.2, 10/8.6, and 11.5/10. 
CommentSynonymy: Specimens reported as Anolis chocorum by Poe et al. (2009), are actually representatives of D. maia (fide Batista et al. 2015). 
EtymologyAbel Batista dedicates this beautiful new species to his recently born daughter, Maia. The name also comes from Greek mythology, where it is applied to the eldest of the Pleiades, sometimes called mountain nymphs, and are believed to live on the trees in mountains and groves as the guardians for that habitat, a role Dactyloa maia could also represent. 
References
  • Barrio-Amorós, Cesar Luis, Michelle Quiroz, Cristian Porras-Ramírez, Rene Villanueva-Maldonado, Alejandro Estrada-García, Abel Batista 2023. Amphibians and reptiles encountered during an expedition to Panama. Reptiles & Amphibians 30 (1): e18359 - get paper here
  • BATISTA, ABEL; MILAN VESELY, KONRAD MEBERT, SEBASTIAN LOTZKAT & GUNTHER KÖHLER 2015. A new species of Dactyloa from eastern Panama, with comments on other Dactyloa species present in the region. Zootaxa 4039 (1): 057–084 - get paper here
  • Kwet, A. 2016. Liste der im Jahr 2015 neu beschriebenen Reptilien. Terraria-Elaphe 2016 (3): 56-67 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
 
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