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Anolis quercorum FITCH, 1978

IUCN Red List - Anolis quercorum - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Oaxacan Oak Anole, Gray Anole
S: Anolis Gris 
SynonymAnolis quercorum FITCH 1978: 6
Norops quercorum — LINER 1994
Norops quercorum — NICHOLSON 2002
Anolis quercorum — LINER 2007
Norops quercorum — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Anolis quercorum — KÖHLER et al. 2014
Norops quercorum — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Anolis quercorum — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionMexico (Oaxaca, Puebla, Guerrero)

Type locality: 26 km SE Nochixtlán (2.5 km NW Cuesta Blanca, Highway 190), Oaxaca, Mexico.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: KU 176050, adult male, collected 8 February 1977 by H. S. Fitch. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A small species (SVL in largest male 46.0 mm, largest female 43.5 mm) of the genus Anolis (sensu Poe 2004) that differs from all Mexican and Central American anoles except A. carlliebi and A. sacamecatensis by having a combination of (1) strongly keeled ventral scales; (2) usually a patch of three greatly enlarged supraocular scales; (3) 12–20 rows of slightly to moderately enlarged dorsal scales that are smaller than ventral scales; (4) short hind legs, longest toe of adpressed hind leg usually reaching to ear opening or to a point between ear opening and eye, ratio shank length/SVL 0.22–0.26; (5) circumnasal usually in contact with first supralabial; and (6) a large pink dewlap in males and a very small pinkish orange-red dewlap in females (Fig. 65). Anolis quercorum differs from A. carlliebi and A. sacamecatensis in the ranges and average values of several morphometric and pholidotic characters (see Table 9), most obvious in (1) number of middorsal scales in one head length; (2) ratio shank length/ HL; and (3) subdigital lamellae on Phalanges II–IV of Toe IV. Also, Anolis quercorum differs from A. carlliebi and A. sacamecatensis in hemipenis morphology (hemipenis distinctly bilobed in A. quercorum vs. unilobed in A. carlliebi and slightly bilobed in A. sacamecatensis) and by substantial genetic distances (see above) (KÖHLER et al. 2014: 85). 
CommentSpecies group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012)

Synonymy: GenBank KP231854 (SMF 96459) was labelled A. quercorum but is treated as A. sacamecatensis in Köhler et al. 2014 (fide Mulcahy et al. 2022). 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin “of the oaks”, referring to the habitat of this species. 
References
  • Canseco-Márquez, L., & Gutiérrrez-Mayén, M.G. 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Comisión Nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, México D.F., Mexico, 302 pp - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Fitch H S 1978. Two new anoles (Reptilia: Iguanidae) from Oaxaca with comments on other Mexican species. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contr. Biol. Geol. (No. 20) 1978: 1-15 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Illescas-Aparicio, M., Clark-Tapia, R., González-Hernández, A., Vásquez-Díaz, Pedro R. & Aguirre-Hidalgo, V. 2016. Diversidad y riqueza herpetofaunística asociada al bosque de manejo forestal y áreas de cultivo, en Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 32(3): 359-369 - get paper here
  • KÖHLER, GUNTHER 2014. Characters of external morphology used in Anolis taxonomy—Definition of terms, advice on usage, and illustrated examples. Zootaxa 3774 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • KÖHLER, GUNTHER; RAÚL GÓMEZ TREJO PÉREZ, CLAUS BO P. PETERSEN & FAUSTO R. MÉNDEZ DE LA CRUZ 2014. A revision of the Mexican Anolis (Reptilia, Squamata, Dactyloidae) from the Pacific versant west of the Isthmus de Tehuantepec in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, and Puebla, with the description of six new species. Zootaxa 3862 (1): 001–210 - get paper here
  • Liner, E.A. 1994. Scientific and common names for the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. Herpetological Circular 23: 1-113
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Martín-Regalado, N.; M. C. Lavariega, R. M. Gómez–Ugalde & C. Rodríguez–Pérez 2016. Anfibios y reptiles de la sierra de Cuatro Venados, Oaxaca, México. Arxius de Miscel·lània Zoològica, 14 (2016): 217–232 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, V; Rocha, A; Mata-González, S; Ramírez-Bautista, A; Berriozabal-Islas, C; García-Padilla, E; Johnson, J D & Wilson, L D; 2019. First municipality records and additional information on the herpetofauna of Oaxaco, Mexico. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 533-536 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Mulcahy DG, Ibáñez R, Jaramillo CA, Crawford AJ, Ray JM, Gotte SW, et al. 2022. DNA barcoding of the National Museum of Natural History reptile tissue holdings raises concerns about the use of natural history collections and the responsibilities of scientists in the molecular age. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0264930 - get paper here
  • Nicholson KE, C. Guyer, and JG Phillips 2017. Biogeographic Origin of Mainland Norops (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Assumptions Inhibiting Progress in Comparative Biology (eds. Crother and Parenti), pp. 169–184
  • Nicholson, K.E. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis and a test of the current infrageneric classification of Norops (beta Anolis). Herpetological Monographs 16: 93-120 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Peterson, A.T. et al. 2004. A preliminary biological survey of Cerro Piedra Larga, Oaxaca, Mexico: Birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and plants. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Zoología 75(2): 439-466
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • Ramírez-Bautista, A. et al. 2002. Reproductive data for Anolis quercorum, a little-known anole from Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla, México. Herpetological Review 33 (4): 269-271 - get paper here
  • Trujillo–Caballero, S. & J. A. González–Oreja 2018. Efficient vs. structured biodiversity inventories: reptiles in a Mexican dry scrubland as a case study. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 41.2 (2018) 245 - get paper here
  • Vega-Trejo, Regina; Irma Trejo, Oscar A. Flores-Villela, and Víctor H. Reynoso 2013. Amphibian and Reptile Community Structure in Pristine Coniferous Forests: Baseline Data for <br>Conservation Studies. Herp. Cons. Biol. 8 (3) - get paper here
 
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