| Higher Taxa | Anolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | E: Flat Andes Anole |
| Synonym | Anolis heterodermus DUMÉRIL 1851
Xiphocercus heterodermus — BOULENGER 1885: 10
Phenacosaurus heterodermus — BARBOUR 1920
Phenacosaurus heterodermus — DUNN 1944
Phenacosaurus paramoensis HELLMICH 1949
Phenacosaurus heterodermus — PETERS et al. 1970: 219
Phenacosaurus heterodermus — MYERS & DONNELLY 1996: 41
Anolis heterodermus — POE 1998
Dactyloa heteroderma — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Dactyloa heteroderma — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Anolis heterodermus — MORENO-ARIAS et al. 2023 |
| Distribution | Colombia (Cundinamarca, Boyaca, Putumayo, Valle del Cauca), Ecuador, elevation including the range of 2600-3000 m
Colombia (Cundinamarca, Caldas) [Phenacosaurus richteri]
Type locality: “Nouvelle Grenade” [= Colombia]
Type locality: “Tabio, Cundinamarca” [richteri]
Type locality: “Paramo de Sumapaz” [paramoensis]
|
| Reproduction | oviparous |
| Types | Syntypes: MNHN-RA 1664, MNHN-RA 6798. MNHN-RA 1664 (3 specimens) respectively MNHN-RA 1664, MNHN-RA 1664A and MNHN-RA 1664B; MNHN-RA 6798 (2 specimens) respectively MNHN-RA 6798 and MNHN-RA 6798A (total of 5 syntypes). |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: Anolis heterodermus shares short limbs, a large, casqued head, a prehensile tail without caudal autotomy, and lamellar subdigital scales of all digits extending from the most proximal phalanges with the other species of the Phenacosaurus clade. Anolis heterodermus differs from A. proboscis, A. orcesi, A. euskalerriari and A. nicefori by the presence of granular scales surrounding dorsal heterogeneous flat scales. From A. richteri, A. tequendama sp. nov., A. tetarii, A. vanzolinii, A. inderenae and A. quimbaya sp. nov., by the presence of a unicoloured purple, red, or black dewlap and a U-shaped crown. Anolis heterodermus further differs from A. richteri, A. tequendama sp. nov., A. tetarii, A. vanzolinii, and A. quimbaya sp. nov., by the presence of a continuous row of enlarged sublabials reaching the mouth commissure; from A. vanzolinii, A. tequendama sp. nov. and A. quimbaya sp. nov. by a continuous nuchal crest; and from A. vanzolinii by < 24 expanded lamellae under second and third phalange of fourth toe and < 35 lamellae in total fourth toe. (Moreno-Arias et al. 2023)
Unfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2909 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. |
| Comment | Type species: Anolis heterodermus DUMÉRIL 1851 is the type species of the genus Phenacosaurus BARBOUR 1920. Phenacosaurus was synonymized with Anolis by HASS et al. 1993.
Key: Moreno-Arias et al. 2023 provide a key to the 11 species of the Phenacosaurus clade of Anolis.
Synonymy: Lazell 1969 synonymized A. richteri with A. heterodermus. Moreno-Arias et al. 2023 revalidated A. richteri.
Species groups: Dactyloa heteroderma species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). Prates et al. 2019 redefined the heterodermus series as follows: The largest crown clade that includes A. heterodermus and excludes A. aequatorialis, A. latifrons, A. nasofrontalis, A. punctatus, and A. roquet. The Phenacosaurus clade of Anolis includes the following 11 species: euskalerriari, heterodermus, inderenae, nicefori, orcesi, proboscis, richteri, tetarii, tequendama, quimbaya, vanzolinii fide Moreno-Arias et al. 2023 (although other species have been assigned to Phenacosaurus as well) |
| Etymology | Named after Greek heteros (ἕτερος), of another kind, different + Greek derma (δέρμα), skin. ["...sur les régions supérieures et latérales du tronc, des squames irrégulièrement polygonales, aplaties, lisses, entremêlées d'écailles beaucoup plus petites et comme granuleuses..."]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) |
| References |
- Barbour, Thomas 1920. A note on Xiphocercus. Proc. New England zool. Club 7: 61-63 - get paper here
- Beltrán I. 2019. Diurnal colour change in a sexually dimorphic trait in the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Journal of Natural History 53 (1-2), 45-55 - get paper here
- Beltran, Ivan Camilo; Adolfo Amézquita 2015. First report of tail display during agonistic interaction in an anole species and a comment on its existence in various groups of lizards. Herpetology Notes 8: 357-359 - get paper here
- Beltrán, Iván; Leidy Alejandra Barragán-Contreras 2019. Male courtship display in two populations of Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidea) from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Herpetology Notes 12: 881-884 - get paper here
- Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
- Castro-Herrera, F. & Vargas-Salinas, F. 2008. Anfibios y reptiles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9 (2): 251 - 277 - get paper here
- Duméril, A.M.C. & A. H. A. Duméril 1851. Catalogue méthodique de la collection des reptiles du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Gide et Baudry/Roret, Paris, 224 pp.
- Dunn, Emmett R. 1944. Herpetology of the Bogota area. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exacta, Fisicas y Naturales 6: 68-81
- Dunn,E.R. 1944. The lizard genus Phenacosaurus. Caldasia 3: 57-62 - get paper here
- Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 - get paper here
- Hass, C. A., S. B. Hedges, and L. R. Maxson. 1993. Molecular insights into the relationships and biogeography of West Indian anoline lizards. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 21: 97-114. - get paper here
- Hellmich,W. 1949. Auf der Jagd nach der Paramo-Echse. DATZ 2 (5): 89-91
- Lazell,J.D., Jr. 1969. The genus Phenacosaurus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Breviora (325): 1-24 - get paper here
- Mendez-Galeano, M. A., Paternina-Cruz, R. F. and Calderon-Espinosa, M. L. 2020. The highest kingdom of Anolis: Thermal biology of the Andean lizard Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) over an elevational gradient in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Journal of Thermal Biology 89: 102498 - get paper here
- Miyata,K. 1983. Notes on Phenacosaurus heterodermus in the Sabana de Bogota, Colombia. Journal of Herpetology 17 (1): 102-105 - get paper here
- Moreno-Arias, R. A., Méndez-Galeano, M. A., Beltrán, I., & Vargas-Ramírez, M. 2023. Revealing anole diversity in the highlands of the Northern Andes: New and resurrected species of the Anolis heterodermus species group. Vertebrate Zoology, 73, 161-188 - get paper here
- Mueses-Cisneros, J. J. 2006. Geographic distribution: Anolis heterodermus. Herpetological Review 37 (4): 493 - get paper here
- Myers, C. W. & M. A. DONNELLY 1996. A New Herpetofauna from Cerro Yaví, Venezuela: First results of the Robert G. Goelet American-Terramar Expedition to the Northwestern Tepuis. American Museum Novitates 3172: 1-56. - get paper here
- NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
- NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
- Osorno-Mesa, H. & Osorno-Mesa, E. 1946. Anotaciones sobre Lagartos del genero Phenacosaurus. Caldasia 4: 123-130 - get paper here
- Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
- Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
- Poe, Steven 1998. Skull characters and the cladistic relationships of the Hispaniolan dwarf twig Anolis. Herpetological Monographs 12: 192-236 - get paper here
- Poe, Steven 2025. A Guide to the Anolis Lizards (Anoles) of Mainland Central and South America. Princeton University Press, 432 pp. - get paper here
- Prates, Ivan; Paulo Roberto Melo-Sampaio, Kevin de Queiroz, Ana Carolina Carnaval, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Leandro de Oliveira Drummond 2019. Discovery of a new species of Anolis lizards from Brazil and its implications for the historical biogeography of montane Atlantic Forest endemics. Amphibia-Reptilia 41 (1): 87-103 [2020] - get paper here
- Rodríguez-Rodríguez, J. D., & Calderón-Espinosa, M. L. 2024. Sexual dimorphism and female ecomorphology in Anolis (Squamata: Anolidae): knowledge of female morphology increases the understanding of Anolis diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blae019 - get paper here
- Rojas-Morales, Julián Andrés, Héctor Fabio Arias-Monsalve y Gustavo A. González-Durán 2014. Anibios y reptiles de la región centro-sur del departamento de Caldas, Colombia. Biota Colombiana 15 (1): 73-93 - get paper here
- Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
- Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martínez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viáfara-Vega R, Hernández-Córdoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, Gutiérrez-Zúñiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8 (2): 1–18 (e87) - get paper here
- Vargas-Ramírez, Mario and Rafael Moreno-Arias 2014. Unknown Evolutionary Lineages and Population Differentiation in Anolis heterodermus (Squamata: Dactyloidae) from the Eastern and Central Cordilleras of Colombia Revealed by DNA Sequence Data. South American J. Herp. 9 (2): 131-141 - get paper here
|
| External links |
|
