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Anolis lososi TORRES-CARVAJAL, AYALA-VARELA, LOBOS, POE & NARVÁEZ, 2017

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Higher TaxaAnolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Losos’s anole
Spanish: Anolis de Losos 
SynonymAnolis lososi TORRES-CARVAJAL, AYALA-VARELA, LOBOS, POE & NARVÁEZ 2017
Dactyloa losoi — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 (in error) 
DistributionS Ecuador

Type locality: Ecuador, Provincia Zamora Chinchipe, Romerillos Alto, 4.227°S, 78.939°W, WGS84, 1550 m elevation  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: QCAZ 10173 (Figures 5, 6), adult male, 18 December 2009, collected by Steven Poe, Levi Gray, Julian Davis, and Fernando Ayala. Paratypes (23): ECUADOR: Provincia Zamora Chinchipe: QCAZ 6850, San Francisco Research Station, 3.971°S, 79.078°W, 1970 m, 2 April 2005, collected by Kristin Roos, Alban Pfeiffer, Andy Fries, Ulf Soltau and Florian Werner; QCAZ 10171–72, road from Zamora to Loja, 3.970°S, 79.063°W, 1706 m, 17 December 2009, collected by Steven Poe, Levi Gray, Julian Davis and Fernando Ayala; QCAZ 10174–75, same collection data as holotype; QCAZ 14125, San Francisco Research Station, 3.973°S, 79.077°W, 1872 m, 9 September 2015, collected by Andrea Narváez and Leonardo Cedeño; QCAZ 14126, San Francisco Research Station, 3.974°S, 79.078°W, 1883 m, 10 September 2015, collected by Andrea Narváez and Leonardo Cedeño; QCAZ 14128, San Francisco Research Station, 3.973°S, 79.078°W, 1821 m, 11 September 2015, collected by Andrea Narváez and Leonardo Cedeño; QCAZ 14129, San Francisco Research Station, 3.972°S, 79.077°W, 1912 m, 11 September 2015, collected by Andrea Narváez and Leonardo Cedeño; QCAZ 14130, San Francisco Research Station, 3.972°S, 79.079°W, 1883 m, 11 September 2015, col- lected by Andrea Narváez and Leonardo Cedeño; QCAZ 14132, San Francisco Research Station, 3.973°S, 79.078°W, 1857 m, 15 September 2015, collected by Andrea Narváez and Leonardo Cedeño; QCAZ 14133, San Francisco Research Station, 3.973°S, 79.077°W, 1878 m, 15 September 2015, collected by Andrea Narváez and Leonardo Cedeño; QCAZ 14335–336, San Francisco Research Station, canal path, 3.972°S, 79.075°W, 1898 m, 12 January 2016, collected by Omar Torres–Carvajal, Diego A. Paucar and reptile class students; QCAZ 14337, San Francisco Research Station, Tarabita’s path, 3.972°S, 79.079° W, 1848 m, 14 January 2016, collected by Fernando Ayala, Steven Poe and Chris Anderson; QCAZ 14434–439, San Francisco Research Station, 3.971°S, 79.079°W, 1789 m, 12 January 2016, collected by Fernando Ayala, Steven Poe and Chris Anderson; QCAZ 14611, San Francisco Research Station, 3.973°S, 79.077°W, 1872 m, 14 September 2015, collected by Andrea Narváez and Leonardo Cedeño; FHGO 1756, 3.6 km southwest from La Pituca, 4.156°S, 78.974°W, 1820 m, 24 April 1998, collected by Diego Almeida- Reinoso and Fernando Nogales-Sornosa. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Anolis lososi differs from other species of Anolis (clade Dactyloa) from Ecuador and Peru, except Anolis orcesi, Anolis peruensis and Anolis williamsmittermeierorum, in having large smooth head scales, homogeneous lateral lepidosis, short limbs, short tail, and in lacking a rostral proboscis. Anolis lososi differs from A. orcesi, A. peruensis and A. williamsmittermeierorum in having differently coloured male and female dewlaps (A. orcesi male: yellow with greenish blue at base, female: orange; A. peruensis male: solid yellow, female: black; A. williamsmittermeierorum male: tan with peach-orange distal edge, female: black and white; A. lososi male: white, female: black and orange). Anolis lososi, A. peruensis and A. williamsmittermeierorum lack a vertebral crest (present in A. orcesi). Anolis lososi and A. williamsmittermeierorum have a black throat with bright yellow-orange mouth edges (grey in A. peruensis and black in A. orcesi).
Anolis lososi is most similar morphologically to A. williamsmittermeierorum in lepidosis. It can be further distinguished from A. williamsmittermeierorum in having a longer dewlap fold and more lamellae under phalanges III–IV of fourth toe (Table 3).
Finally, although the ND2 genetic distance between A. lososi and its closest relative A. williamsmittermeierorum is relatively low (0.108), it is comparable to DNA divergences between other inarguable species pairs, such as Anolis microtus versus Anolis insignis (0.100) and Anolis peraccae versus Anolis anchicayae (0.107) (Figure 7; Supplemental material). 
Comment 
EtymologyThe specific epithet lososi is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Jonathan B. Losos, who has dedicated his life to the study of anole lizards. After visiting Ecuador a few years ago, he inspired young Ecuadorian biology students who are undertaking pioneering studies on the ecology of these lizards.
 
References
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal, O., Ayala-Varela, F. P., Lobos, S. E., Poe, S., & Narváez, A. E. 2017. Two new Andean species of Anolis lizard (Iguanidae: Dactyloinae) from southern Ecuador. Journal of Natural History 52: 1067-1089 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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