Anolis marmoratus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1837

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Higher Taxa	Anolidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies	Anolis marmoratus alliaceus COPE 1864 Anolis marmoratus caryae LAZELL 1964 Anolis marmoratus girafus LAZELL 1964 Anolis marmoratus inornatus LAZELL 1964 Anolis marmoratus marmoratus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837 Anolis marmoratus setosus LAZELL 1964 Anolis marmoratus speciosus (GARMAN 1887)
Common Names	E: Guadeloupe Anole, Guadeloupean anole, Leopard Anole
Synonym	Anolis marmoratus DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 139 Anolis speciosus GARMAN 1888 Anolis marmoratus — UNDERWOOD in WILLIAMS et al. 1959 Ctenonotus marmoratus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 113 Anolis marmoratus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 297 Ctenonotus marmoratus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Ctenonotus marmoratus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 Anolis marmoratus — THORPE 2022 Anolis marmoratus alliaceus (COPE 1864) Anolis alliaceus COPE 1864: 175 Anolis alliaceus — GÜNTHER 1888: 363 Anolis bimaculatus alliaceus — UNDERWOOD in WILLIAMS et al. 1959 Anolis marmoratus alliaceus — LAZELL 1964: 374 Anolis marmoratus alliaceus — SCHMIDT 1981 Ctenonotus marmoratus alliaceus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 114 Anolis marmoratus alliaceus — HENKEL 2006 Ctenonotus marmoratus alliaceus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Ctenonotus marmoratus alliaceus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 Anolis marmoratus caryae LAZELL 1964 Ctenonotus marmoratus caryae — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Anolis caryae — ROUGHGARDEN 1995 Anolis terraealtae caryae — POWELL et al. 2012 Ctenonotus marmoratus caryae — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Ctenonotus marmoratus caryae — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 Anolis marmoratus caryae — HEDGES et al. 2019 Anolis marmoratus girafus LAZELL 1964 Anolis marmoratus girafus — SCHMIDT 1981 Ctenonotus marmoratus girafus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Ctenonotus marmoratus girafus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Ctenonotus marmoratus girafus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 Anolis marmoratus inornatus LAZELL 1964 Anolis marmoratus inornatus — SCHMIDT 1981 Ctenonotus marmoratus inornatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Ctenonotus marmoratus inornatus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Ctenonotus marmoratus inornatus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 Anolis marmoratus setosus LAZELL 1964 Anolis marmoratus setosus — SCHMIDT 1981 Ctenonotus marmoratus setosus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988 Ctenonotus marmoratus setosus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Ctenonotus marmoratus setosus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 Anolis marmoratus speciosus (GARMAN 1887) Anolis speciosus GARMAN 1887: 45 Anolis speciosus speciosus — UNDERWOOD in WILLIAMS et al. 1959 Anolis marmoratus speciosus — LAZELL 1964: 384 Ctenonotus marmoratus speciosus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 115 Anolis marmoratus speciosus — HESELHAUS & SCHMIDT 1995 Anolis marmoratus speciosus — BREUIL et al. 2009 Ctenonotus marmoratus speciosus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012 Ctenonotus marmoratus speciosus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018
Distribution	Lesser Antilles: Guadeloupe, Ile Desecheo Saintes, La Desirade, French Guiana (introduced) marmoratus: Guadeloupe: plain of Capesterre in southeastern Basse-Terre; intergrades with A. m. alliaceus, A. m. girafus, and A. m. speciosus. alliaceus: central highlands in the Basse-Terre portion of Guadeloupe; intergrades with A. m. girafus, A. m. setosus, and A. m. speciosus. caryae: Terre-de-Bas, Îles des Saintes; intergrades with A. m. terraealtae; introduced at Cayenne, Guiane Française. girafus: leeward coast of Basse-Terre portion of Guadeloupe, from vicinity of Malendure and adjacent Ilets de Pigeon, south to Ballif; intergrades with A. m. setosus. inornatus: northern Grande-Terre; Ilet Macou; intergrades with A. m. speciosus. setosus northern coast of Basse-Terre portion of Guadeloupe from vicinity of Deshaies to Ste.-Rose; intergrades with A. m. speciosus. speciosus: southwestern portion of Grande-Terre portion of Guadeloupe, onto isthmus connecting Grande-Terre and Basse-Terre; Ilet du Cochons, Ilet du Gosier, Ilet Christophe. Introduced to French Guiana (HOOGMOED, pers. comm.). Type locality: Martinique (in error); revised to Capesterre on the Basse-Terreportion of Guadeloupe by Lazell, 1964.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Syntypes: MNHN-RA 0794 (lectotype), MNHN-RA 5491 (paralectotype) Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.28.96 [alliaceus] Holotype: MCZ 70666 [caryae] Holotype: MCZ 71259 [girafus] Holotype: MCZ 71036 [inornatus] Holotype: MCZ 70813 [setosus] Lectotype: MCZ 6172 [speciosus]
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1603 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Subspecies: Anolis marmoratus ferreus, terraealtae, chrysops, desiradei, and kahouannensis are now considered a valid species. Species group: Ctenonotus bimaculatus species group (fide NICHOLSON et al. 2012). Hybridization: Male A. marmoratus and female A. ferreus can interbreed and produce offspring (Weidlich 2023, Anole Annals)
Etymology	Named after Latin marmoratus, a, um, from the participle of marmoro, ‘covered with marble, marbled’, in reference to the marbling on the head and neck.
References	Barbour, T. 1915. Recent notes regarding West Indian reptiles and amphibians. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 71-78 - get paper here Breuil, H. 2002. Histoire Naturelle des Amphibiens et Reptiles de l’Archipel Guadeloupéen: Guadeloupe, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthélemy. Patrimoines naturels 54: 339 pp. Breuil, Michel; Fortuné Guiougou; Karl Questel; Béatrice Ibéné 2009. Modifications du peuplement herpétologique dans les Antilles françaises disparitions et espèces allochtones - 1 ère partie: Historique - Amphibiens. Le Courrier de la Nature n° 249: 30-37 Cope, E.D. 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16: 166-181. - get paper here Crews, David and Ernest E. Williams 1977. Hormones, Reproductive Behavior, and Speciation. American Zoologist 17: 271-286 - get paper here Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here Frank, Hannah K.; D. Luke Mahler, and Liam J. Revell 2010. Testing for convergence in toepad morphology in mainland and Caribbean Anolis. Anolis Newsletter VI: 45-55 - get paper here Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian reptiles. Iguanidae. Bull. Essex Inst. 19: 25-50. - get paper here Gorman, G.C. 1969. The zoogeography of Lesser Antillean Anolis lizards; an analysis based upon chromosomes and lactic dehydrogenases. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 138 (3): 53-80. - get paper here Günther,A. 1888. Notes on reptiles and frogs from Dominica, West Indies. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 2: 362-366 - get paper here Hedges, S.B. & Conn, C.E. 2012. A new skink fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Mabuyidae, Mabuyinae). Zootaxa 3288: 1–244 - get paper here Helmus, Matthew R.; Jocelyn E. Behm, Wendy A.M. Jesse, Jason J. Kolbe,Jacintha Ellers, and Jonathan B. Losos 2016. EXOTICS EXHIBIT MORE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY THAN NATIVES: A COMPARISON OF THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF EXOTIC AND NATIVE ANOLE LIZARDS. In: Invasion Genetics: The Baker and Stebbins Legacy, First Edition. Edited by Spencer C. H. Barrett, Robert I. Colautti, Katrina M. Dlugosch, and Loren H. Rieseberg; John Wiley & Sons, pp. 122-138 (publication year given as 2017 in the book) - get paper here Hen kel, S. 2006. Haltung und Zucht von Anolis marmoratus alliaceus. Iguana Rundschreiben 19 (2): 24-25 Heselhaus, Ralf & Schmidt, Matthias 1995. Caribbean Anoles. TFH Publications, Neptune City, NJ, 65 pp. Hoogmoed, M.S., & Lescure, J. 1975. An annotated checklist of the lizards of French Guiana, mainly based on two recent collections. Zoologische Mededelingen 49(13): 141-172. - get paper here Lazell,J.D. 1964. The anoles (Sauria: Iguanidae) of the Guadeloupéen archipelago.. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 131: 359-401 - get paper here Lazell,J.D. 1972. The anoles (Sauria: Iguanidae) of the lesser Antilles. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 143 (1): 1-115 - get paper here Lorvelec, Olivier; Pascal, Michel; Pavis, Claudie; Feldmann, Philippe. 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of the French West Indies: inventory, threats and conservation. Applied Herpetology 4 (2):131-161 - get paper here Losos, J. B. 2009. Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 528 pp. - get paper here Malhotra, A. & Thorpe, R.S. 1999. Reptiles & Amphibians of the Eastern Caribbean. MacMillan, London & Oxford Mittermeier, R.A. & Plotkin, M.J. 1980. Anolis marmoratus in French Guiana. Copeia 1980 (2): 371-373 - get paper here Monzel, Markus 2017. Exotenhaltung im Fokus der Politik – Terraristik und Verbände im Spannungsfeld gesellschaftspolitischer Entscheidungsprozesse (Teil 1). Terraria-Elaphe 2017 (5): 14-28 - get paper here NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here Roughgarden, J. 1995. Anolis Lizards of the Caribbean: Ecology, Evolution, and Plate Tectonics. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 200 pp. Rovatsos, Michail; Marie Altmanová, Martina Pokorná and Lukáš Kratochvíl 2014. CONSERVED SEX CHROMOSOMES ACROSS ADAPTIVELY RADIATED ANOLIS LIZARDS. Evolution, DOI: 10.1111/evo.12357 - get paper here Schmidt, J. 1981. Warum eigentlich immer Anolis carolinensis? Teil 4. Herpetofauna 3 (12): 6-8 - get paper here Schmidt, Matthias 1996. Anolis marmoratus Duméril & Bibron, 1837. Reptilia 2 (8): 39-42 - get paper here Schneider, C. J. 1996. Distinguishing between primary and secondary intergradation among morphologically differentiated populations of Anolis marmoratus. Molecular Ecology 5: 239-249 - get paper here Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1988. West Indian Amphibian and Reptiles: A Checklist. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contr. Biol. Geol. No. 74: 264 pp. - get paper here Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp. Stenson, Andrew G.; Roger S.Thorpe and Anita Malhotra 2004. Evolutionary differentiation of bimaculatus group anoles based on analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 1 –10 - get paper here Thorpe, R. S., Barlow, A., Malhotra, A. and Surget-Groba, Y. 2015. Widespread parallel population adaptation to climate variation across a radiation: implications for adaptation to climate change. Molecular Ecology 24: 1019–1030. doi: 10.1111/mec.13093 - get paper here Thorpe, R. S., Barlow, A., Surget-Groba, Y., & Malhotra, A. 2018. Multilocus phylogeny, species age and biogeography of the Lesser Antillean anoles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here Thorpe, R.S. 2022. Reptiles of the Lesser Antilles. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 608 pp. - get paper here Thorpe, R.S.; Jones, A.G.; Malhotra, A.; Surget-Groba, Y. 2008. Adaptive radiation in Lesser Antillean lizards: molecular phylogenetics and species recognition in the Lesser Antillean dwarf gecko complex, Sphaerodactylus fantasticus. Molecular Ecology 17(6):1489-1504 - get paper here Williams, Ernest E.; Quesnel, Victor C.; Kenny, Julian S.; Underwood,G. 1959. The anoles of the Eastern Caribbean (Sauria, Iguanidae) Part. I. Preface; Part II. Two sibling species of anoles in Trinidad; Part. III. Revisionary notes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 121 (5): 185-226 + 1 plate - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://www.anoleannals.org/2023/10/28/cases-of-interspecific… http://www.oropel.de/ama.htm (alliaceus) Google images

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