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Anolis scypheus COPE, 1864

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Higher TaxaDactyloidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Yellow-tongued Anole 
SynonymAnolis scypheus COPE 1864: 172
Anolis chrysolepis — GUICHENOT 1855: 15
Anolis scypheus — BOULENGER 1885: 90
Anolis incompertus incompertus BARBOUR 1932: 99
Anolis incompertus nicefori BARBOUR 1932: 100
Anolis scypheus — DONOSO-BARROS 1968
Anolis chrysolepis scypheus — VANZOLINI & WILLIAMS 1970
Anolis chrysolepis scypheus — DUELLMAN 1978: 198
Norops nitens scypheus — SAVAGE & GUYER 1991: 366
Anolis nitens scypheus — AVILA-PIRES 1995
Anolis nitens scypheus — GRAHAM 2000
Anolis nitens scypheus — WHITHWORTH & BEIRNE 2011
Anolis scypheus — D’ANGIOLELLA et al. 2011
Norops scypheus — NICHOLSON et al. 2012
Norops scypheus — NICHOLSON et al. 2018 
DistributionAmazonian areas of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas)

Type locality: ‘‘Caracas’’ according to Boulenger, 1885, but considered an error by Vanzolini and Williams, 1970:85) or doubtful (HOOGMOED, pers. comm.); None given according to PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.8.55
Holotype: MCZ 32309 [incompertus]
Holotype: MCZ 32322 [nicefori] 
DiagnosisDescription. Maximum SVL 80 mm. Vertebral scales forming double row of enlarged dorsals along back. Scales of upper arms small relative to other species, larger than vertebral scales. Scales on snout relatively small, with raised surface. Supra- orbital semicircles with enlarged scales, generally forming pronounced ridge. A small group of enlarged supraocular scales, grading into granules posteriorly and later- ally, anteriorly surrounded by smaller scales. Interparietal distinctly larger than surround- ed scales [from D’ANGIOLELLA et al. 2011]. 
CommentSynonymy: Williams 1970 synonymized A. incompertus without mentioning A. (i.) nicefori, hence this synonymy is preliminary.

Species group: Norops auratus Species Group (fide Nicholson et al. 2012) 
References
  • Avila-Pires, T.C.S. 1995. Lizards of Brazilian Amazonia (Reptilia: Squamata). Zoologische Verhandelingen 299: 1-706 - get paper here
  • Barbour, Thomas 1932. New Anoles. Proc. New England Zool. Club 12: 97-102 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16: 166-181. - get paper here
  • D'angiolella, Annelise B.; Tony Gamble, Teresa C. S. Avila-Pires, Guarino R. Colli, Brice P. Noonan, and Laurie J. Vitt 2011. Anolis chrysolepis Duméril and Bibron, 1837 (Squamata: Iguanidae), Revisited: Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Anolis chrysolepis Species Group. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 160 (2): 35-63. - get paper here
  • Dixon, J. R.; Soini, P. 1975. The reptiles of the upper Amazon basin, Iquitos region, Peru, Part I. Lizards and Amphisbaenians. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 4: 1-58 [1986?]
  • Donoso-Barros, R. 1968. The lizards of Venezuela (checklist and key). Carib. J. Sci. 8 (3-4): 105-122
  • Duellman, W. E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65: 1-352 - get paper here
  • Graham, D.L. 2000. Annotated list of reptiles and amphibians recorded from the Rio Orosa and surrounding areas, Department of Loreto, Peru. http://www.projectamazonas.com/doc/herps.pdf
  • Guichenot, A. 1855. Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l’Expédition dans les parties centrales de l’Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para; Exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement Francais pendant les années 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du P. Bertrand, Paris. - get paper here
  • Medina-Rangel, Guido Fabian; Miguel Á. Méndez-Galeano &<br />Martha Lucía Calderón-Espinosa 2019. Herpetofauna of San José del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia Biota Colombiana 20 (1): 75-90 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2012. It is time for a new classification of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae). Zootaxa 3477: 1–108 - get paper here
  • NICHOLSON, KIRSTEN E.; BRIAN I. CROTHER, CRAIG GUYER & JAY M. SAVAGE 2018. Translating a clade based classification into one that is valid under the international code of zoological nomenclature: the case of the lizards of the family Dactyloidae (Order Squamata). Zootaxa 4461 (4): 573–586 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2013. 1986 Redux: New genera of anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae) are unwarranted. Zootaxa 3626 (2): 295–299 - get paper here
  • RIBEIRO-JÚNIOR, MARCO A. 2015. Catalogue of distribution of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) from the Brazilian Amazonia. I. Dactyloidae, Hoplocercidae, Iguanidae, Leiosauridae, Polychrotidae, Tropiduridae. Zootaxa 3983 (1): 001–110 - get paper here
  • Ribeiro-Júnior, Marco A. & Silvana Amaral 2016. Diversity, distribution, and conservation of lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) in the Brazilian Amazonia. Neotropical Biodiversity, 2:1, 195-421 - get paper here
  • Savage,J.M. & Guyer,C. 1991. Nomenclatural notes on Anoles (Sauria: Polychridae): stability over priority. Journal of Herpetology 25 (3): 365-366 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Vanzolini,P.E. & Williams,E.E. 1970. South American anoles: the geographic differentiation and evolution of the Anolis chrysolepis species group (Sauria, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 19: 1-298 - get paper here
  • Whithworth, A. & Beirne, C. 2011. Reptiles of the Yachana Reserve. Global Vision International, 130 pp. - get paper here
 
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