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Apostolepis cearensis GOMES, 1915

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Caatinga Blackhead, Gomes' Burrowing Snake
Portuguese: Cobra-de-Ferrão, Cobra-Rainha, Coral-Falsa, Coralzinha, Falsa-Coral 
SynonymApostolepis cearensis GOMES 1915: 122
Apostolepis amarali WERNER 1925: 62
Apostolepis flavotorquata — AMARAL 1930:109 (Part)
Apostolepis flavotorquata — AMARAL 1936:148
Apostolepis flavotorquata — PETERS and OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970:22 (Part)
Apostolepis flavotorquata — LEMA 1978:29 (Part)
Apostolepis flavotorquata — TIEDEMANN and HÄUPL 1980:50.
Apostolepis cearensis — FERRAREZZI 1993:234 (Part)
Apostolepis cearensis — FERRAREZZI, Gonc¸alves, and SILVA 1996:133 (Part).
Apostolepis cearensis — DE LEMA 2002
Apostolepis freitasi DE LEMA 2004
Apostolepis cearensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 50
Apostolepis cearensis — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionNE Brazil (Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Piauí, Paraíba etc.)

Type locality: Ceará, Brazil

freitasi: central Bahia; Type locality: Tanque do Aragão, Bahia, Brazil

tertulianobeui: Minas Gerais  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: IBSP 0882 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Rostral somewhat pointed and prominent; nasal well separated from preocular; temporals usually 0+1, the 5th supralabial in contact with parietal (occasionally 0+0: 5th+6th in contact); ventrals 215-237 in males, 227-248 in females; subcaudals 27-32 in males and 23-31 in females; terminal caudal shield pointed and uniformly black; head black postero-laterally, with a large light area on snout (red in life, reaching frontal) and small to indistinct light supralabial spot; a broad white nuchal color (covering 4-5 scale rows) followed by a similar extensive black cervical color; dorsum uniform colored, without stripes; ventral surface uniform white, except by the heavily dark pigmented infralabial-gular region. 
CommentSynonymy: after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970 and FERRAREZZI et al. (2005). Apostolepis sanctaeritae has been removed from synonymy with Apostolepis flavotorquata by DE LEMA & FERNANDES (1997) but re-synonymized by FERRAREZZI et al. (2005). Previously this species has been synonymized with A. cearensis by FERRAREZZI (1993). Molecularly, sanctaeritae is distinct from cearensis and more closely related to assimilis than cearensis (Grazziotin et al. 2012), although Zaher et al. 2019 confirmed that it is more closely related to cearensis than assimilis and sufficiently different from the latter to warrant specific recognition. Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2020 revalidated Apostolepis sanctaeritae from the synonymy of A. cearensis.

Distribution: see map in Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2020: 334 (Fig. 2). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Barbosa, Vanessa do Nascimento; Amaral, Jéssica Monique da Silva; Alcantara, Edivania do Nascimento Pereira; dos Santos, Ednilza Maranhão 2018. Herpetofauna de uma área de caatinga em Taquaritinga do Norte, agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil. Cuad. herpetol. 32 (2): 109-115 - get paper here
  • Calixto PO, Morato SAA 2017. Herpetofauna recorded by a fauna rescue program in a Caatinga area of João Câmara, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Check List 13 (5): 647-657 - get paper here
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  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M, Claudia Koch, Russell J Gray, Arthur Tiutenko, Daniel Loebmann, and Thaís B Guedes. 2021. Taxonomic Status of Apostolepis Tertulianobeui Lema, 2004 Based on an Integrative Revision of Apostolepis Assimilis (Reinhardt, 1861) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 291: 123–38 - get paper here
  • Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M.; Claudia Koch, Thaís B. Guedes, & Arthur Tiutenko 2020. Revisiting the taxonomic status of Apostolepis sanctaeritae, a forgotten Neotropical dipsadid snake. Salamandra 56(4): 329–341
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  • Lema, T. de 2004. New species of Apostolepis Cope, 1861 from Caatinga belonging to assimilis group (Serpentes, Elapomorphinae). Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS. Série zoologia, 17(1): 3-7.
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