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Apostolepis dimidiata (JAN, 1862)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Common bilineate Blackhead
Portuguese: Cobra-Coral, Coral, Coral-Falsa, Falsa-Coral 
SynonymElapomojus dimidiatus JAN 1862: 42
Elapomorphus dimidiatus JAN 1862
Elapomorphus erythronotus PETERS 1880: 222
Elapomoius [sic] dimidiatus — STRAUCH 1884
Elapomorphus erythronotus — STRAUCH 1884: 379
Elapomorphus dimidiatus — STRAUCH 1884: 587
Apostolepis erythronota — BOULENGER 1896 (part.)
Elapomoius [sic] dimidiatus — BOULENGER 1896: 238
Apostolepis nigriceps WERNER 1897
Elapomohoeus [sic] dimidiatus — BERG 1898
Elapomoius [sic] dimidiatus — KOSLOWSKY 1898
Apostolepis erythronata — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970
Elapomojus dimidiatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 103
Apostolepis ventrimaculata LEMA 1978 (fide LEMA 1993)
Apostolepis villaricae DE LEMA 1978 (fide LEMA 1993)
Apostolepis barrioi DE LEMA 1978 (fide LEMA 1993)
Apostolepis dimidiata — CEI 1993
Apostolepis dimidiata — BAUER 1995: 71
Apostolepis dimidiata — DE LEMA 2002
Phalotris dimidiatus — TIPTON 2005 (in error)
Apostolepis dimidiata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 51
Apostolepis barrioi — CABRAL et al. 2017
Apostolepis barrioi — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Paraná [HR 27: 216]), Paraguay [villaricae, barrioi],
Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes, Chaco, Formosa)

Type locality: Brazil  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: MACN 49402 (fide França et al. 2018); but previously reported lost (fide PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 103)
Holotype: MACN 3309, male [barrioi]
Holotype: ZSM 197/0 (lost), adult [Apostolepis nigriceps] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (146 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy following that of CEI 1993. Apostolepis erythronotus lineatus COPE 1887: 56 has been removed from the synonymo of A. dimidiata. CABRAL et al. 2017 revalidated A. barrioi but they didn’t really show any statistic or genetic analysis that convincingly shows that both are different. In fact, their ranges overlap to a large extent and so do the scale counts the authors presented. The main difference between the two species appears to be the heavily pigmented ventral coloration in dimidiata vs. uniformly white ventral in barrioi (and practically all other Apostolepis). Thus, Entiauspe-Neto et al. 2019 synonymized A. barrioi again with A. dimidiata (while Nogueira et al. 2019 considered it as valid in their Atlas).

Distribution: see map in CABRAL et al. 2017 (for both Apostolepis barrioi and A. dimidiata) and Nogueira et al. 2019. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin dimidiatus, dimidiata, halved, divided in half; incomplete, imperfect, half. (JAN 1862, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
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  • Braz, Henrique B., Claudia M. Heredias-Ribas and Rodrigo Del Rio Do Valle. 2015. Apostolepis dimidiata reproduction. Herpetological Review 46 (3): 443 - get paper here
  • Cabral, Hugo; Thales de Lema, Márcia Ferret Renner 2017. Revalidation of Apostolepis barrioi (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Phyllomedusa 16 (2): 243-254 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
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  • Entiauspe-Neto OM, de Sena A, Tiutenko A, Loebmann D 2019. Taxonomic status of Apostolepis barrioi Lema, 1978, with comments on the taxonomic instability of Apostolepis Cope, 1862 (Serpentes, Dipsadidae). ZooKeys 841: 71-78 - get paper here
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  • Lema, Th. de 1993. Polimorfismo em Apostolepis dimidiata (Jan, 1862) com a invalidacao de Apostolepis villaricae Lema, 1978 e Apostolepis barrioi Lema, 1978 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae: Elapomorphini). Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 15 (1): 35-52
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