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Aspidoscelis sonorae (LOWE & WRIGHT, 1964)

IUCN Red List - Aspidoscelis sonorae - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sonoran spotted whiptail
E: Gila Spotted Whiptail [flagellicaudus]
S: Huico Manchado de Sonora 
SynonymCnemidophorus sonorae LOWE & WRIGHT 1964
Cnemidophorus flagellicaudus LOWE & WRIGHT 1964
Cnemidophorus flagellicauda — CUELLAR & KLUGE 1972
Cnemidophorus flagellicaudus — STEBBINS 1985: 160
Cnemidophorus sonorae — STEBBINS 1985: 158
Cnemidophorus sonorae — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus flagellicaudus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus sonorae — LINER 1994
Cnemidophorus flagellicaudus — CROTHER 2000
Aspidoscelis flagellicauda — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis sonorae — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis sonorae — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008
Aspidoscelis flagellicaudus — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009
Aspidoscelis flagellicauda — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015
Aspidoscelis flagellicauda — CROTHER et al. 2017
Aspidoscelis sonorae — TAYLOR et al. 2018 
DistributionUSA (SE Arizona, SW New Mexico, S California),
Mexico (NE Sonora, Chihuahua)

Type locality: 2 miles southwest of Oracle (in vicinityof old C.C.C.Camp), 4500 ft. elevation, near the north base of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Pinal County, Arizona.

flagellicaudus: USA (Arizona, New Mexico, S California); Type locality: San Francisco Hot Springs (Frisco Hot Springs), 4800 ft. elevation, Catron County, New Mexico  
Reproductionoviparous; Parthenogenetic (unisexual) species. 
TypesHolotype: UAZ 11777 (University of Arizona, Zoology)
Holotype: UAZ 11775 (Universityof Arizona, Department of Zoology); Paratypes. UAZ 11938, 11965-66; MSB 6719, 6159-63, 9144-46, 10280, 10282, 10331, 10333-34, 11273 [flagellicaudus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: TAYLOR et al. 2018 synonymized Cnemidophorus flagellicaudus with A. sonorae.

Distribution: not in S Utah, SW Colorado, fide Sredl et al. in Jones & Lovich 2009. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Bezy, R.L. 2002. Pseudocopulation in the Gila Spotted Whiptail, Cnemidophorus flagellicaudus. Sonoran Herpetologist 15 (8):90-91. - get paper here
  • Bezy, Robert L. 2020. Lesbian Fun among the Whiptails. Sonoran Herpetologist 33 (3): 68
  • Bezy, Robert L. 2020. John William Wright— Recollections of Juan Siempre Correcto. Sonoran Herpetologist 33 (3): 83-92
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Collins, J.T. and T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp.
  • Cordes, James E. and James M. Walker 2006. Evolutionary and Systematic Implications of Skin Histocompatibility Among Parthenogenetic Teiid Lizards: Three Color Pattern Classes of Aspidoscelis dixoni and One of Aspidoscelis tesselata. Copeia, 2006 (1):14-26 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Herpetological Circular 29: 1-82
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Cuéllar, O.; Kluge, A. G. 1972. Natural parthenogenesis in the gekkonid lizard Lepidodactylus lugubris. Journal of Genetics 61 (1): 14-26 - get paper here
  • Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp.
  • Dessauer, H.C. & Cole, C.J. 1984. INFLUENCE OF GENE DOSAGE ON ELECTROPHORETIC PHENOTYPES OF PROTEINS FROM LIZARDS OF THE GENUS CNEMIDOPHORUS. Camp. Biochem. Physiol. 77B (1): 181-189 - get paper here
  • FLESCH, AARON D.; DON E. SWANN, DALE S. TURNER, AND BRIAN F. POWELL 2010. HERPETOFAUNA OF THE RINCON MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA. Southwestern Naturalist 55(2):240–253 - get paper here
  • Hardy, Laurence M. and Charles J. Cole 1998. Morphology of a Sterile, Tetraploid, Hybrid Whiptail Lizard (Squamata: Teiidae: Cnemidophorus). American Museum Novitates 3228: 16 pp. - get paper here
  • Jackson, Lauren N. and Heather L. Bateman 2018. Differing Ectoparasite Loads, Sexual Modes, and Abundances of Whiptail Lizards from Native and Non- native Habitats. Herp. Cons. Biol. 13 (1): 294–301 - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. (ed.) 2015. Amphibians and Reptiles of the US - Mexico Border States / Anfibios y Reptiles de los Estados de la Frontera México - Estados Unidos. Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Texas. x + 614 pp.; ISBN 978-1-62349-306-6. - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., David Chiszar, and Hobart M. Smith 2004. Selected Records of 2003 Lizards from Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 39 (9): 164-168 - get paper here
  • Lowe, Charles H. & Wright, John W. 1964. Species of the Cnemidophorus exsanguis subgroup of whiptail lizards. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 3 (2): 78-80 - get paper here
  • Lowe, Charles H.;Wright, John W.;Cole, Charles J.;Bezy, Robert L. 1970. Natural hybridization between the teiid lizards Cnemidophorus sonorae (Parthenogenetic) and Cnemidophorus tigris (Bisexual). Systematic Zoology 19 (2): 114-127 - get paper here
  • Lucchino, Ronald V. 1973. Biochemical Comparison of Two Sibling Species: Cnemidophorus exsanguis and Cnemidophorus sonorae (Sauria: Teiidae). Journal of Herpetology 7 (4): 379-380 - get paper here
  • Maslin, T. & Secoy, D.M. 1986. A checklist of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae). Contr. Zool. Univ. Colorado Mus. 1: 1-60
  • Mitchell, J. C. 1979. Ecology of southeastern Arizona whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus: Teiidae): population densities, resource partitioning, and niche overlap. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57 (7): 1487-1499 - get paper here
  • PERSONS, TREVOR B. & ANTHONY P. WRIGHT. 2021. ASPIDOSCELIS FLAGELLICAUDUS (Gila Spotted Whiptail), ASPIDOSCELIS UNIPARENS (Desert Grassland Whiptail), and ASPIDOSCELIS VELOX (Plateau Striped Whiptail). INTERSPECIFIC PSEUDOCOPULATION IN NATURE. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 139–140. - get paper here
  • REEDER, T.W.; CHARLES J. COLE AND HERBERT C. DESSAUER 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of Whiptail Lizards of the Genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A Test of Monophyly, Reevaluation of Karyotypic Evolution, and Review of Hybrid Origins. American Museum Novitates 3365: 1-64 - get paper here
  • Robles, G. and J.C. Rorabaugh 2020. Predation of a Sonoran Spotted Whiptail (Aspidoscelis sonorae) by a Tiger Rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris) in the Sierra Azul, Rancho El Aribabi, Sonora, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist 33 (3): 79
  • Rorabaugh, J C; Turner, D; van Devender, T R; Hugo-Cabrera, V; Maynard, R J; Van Devender, R W; Villa, R A; Hamilton, P; Hale, S F; Aguilar-Morales, C; Blanco-Gutiérrez, A; Wallace, E & Hedgcock, C; 2019. Herpetofauna of the Mesa Tres Ríos area in the Northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Sonora, Mexico. Herpetological Review 50 (2): 251-259 - get paper here
  • Skubowius, Bernd 2012. Echsen, Schildkröten, Amphibien und Spinnentiere – die vielfältige Welt der „creeping crawlers“ in Arizona. Draco 13 (50): 70-78 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Taylor, H L; Cole, C J & Townsend, C R; 2018. Relegation of Aspidoscelis flagellicaudus to the synonymy of the parthenogenetic Teiid lizard A. sonorae based on morphological evidence and a review of relevant genetic data. Herpetological Review 49 (4): 636-653 - get paper here
  • Taylor, Harry L. 2006. A male hybrid from Aspidoscelis sonorae (Parthenogenetic) and A. burti stictogramma (bisexual): Squamata, Teiidae. Herpetological Review 37 (2): 154-157. - get paper here
  • Tucker, Derek B.; Guarino R. Colli, Lilian G. Giugliano, S. Blair Hedges, Catriona R. Hendry, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon, Jack W. Sites Jr., R. Alexander Pyron 2016. Methodological congruence in phylogenomic analyses with morphological support for teiid lizards (Sauria: Teiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103: 75-84 - get paper here
  • Turner, D. S., Van Devender, T. R., Hale, S. F., Zach, R., Martínez, R., Van Devender, R. W., ... & Paholski, C. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles of Rancho Las Playitas area, Sonora, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist, 35, 50-59 - get paper here
  • Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here
  • Winkleman, Ryan S. and Adam R. Backlin. 2016. Geographic Distribution: Aspidoscelis flagellicauda/sonorae complex (Spotted Whiptail). Herpetological Review 47 (2): 256-257 - get paper here
 
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