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Aspidoscelis lineattissimus (COPE, 1878)

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Higher TaxaTeiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesAspidoscelis lineattissimus duodecemlineatus (LEWIS 1956)
Aspidoscelis lineattissimus exoristus (DUELLMAN & WELLMAN 1960)
Aspidoscelis lineattissimus lineattissimus (COPE 1878)
Aspidoscelis lineattissimus lividus (DUELLMAN & WELLMAN 1960) 
Common NamesE: Many-lined Whiptail
S: Cuiji de Muchas Lineas 
SynonymCnemidophorus lineattissimus COPE 1878: 94
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus — GÜNTHER 1885: 27
Cnemidophorus deppii lineattissimus — HARTWEG & OLIVER 1937
Cnemidophorus deppii lineattissimus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 179
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus lineattissimus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus — LINER 1994
Aspidoscelis lineatissima [sic] — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis lineatissima lineatissima — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008
Aspidoscelis lineatissima — COBARRUBIAS et al. 2012
Aspidoscelis lineattissimus — PYRON & BURBRINK 2013
Aspidoscelis lineattisima — CUPUL-MAGAÑA et al. 2016 (in error)
Aspidoscelis lineattissima — WOOLRICH-PIÑA et al. 2016

Aspidoscelis lineattissimus duodecemlineatus (LEWIS 1956)
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus duodecemlineatus LEWIS 1956
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus duodecemlineatus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Aspidoscelis lineatissima duodecemlineata — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis lineatissima duodecemlineata — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008

Aspidoscelis lineattissimus exoristus (DUELLMAN & WELLMAN 1960)
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus exoristus DUELLMAN & WELLMAN 1960
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus exoristus — KLUGE 1984
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus exoristus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Aspidoscelis lineatissima exorista — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis lineatissima exorista — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008

Aspidoscelis lineattissimus lividus (DUELLMAN & WELLMAN 1960)
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus lividus DUELLMAN & WELLMAN 1960: 50
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus lividus — KLUGE 1984
Cnemidophorus lineattissimus lividus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986
Aspidoscelis lineatissima livida — REEDER et al. 2002
Aspidoscelis lineattissima livida — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 
DistributionMexico (pacific slopes of Nayarit to C Guerrero, Colima, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos).

Type locality: Colima and Guadalajara (Jalisco); restricted to Colima, Colima by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950.

duodecemlineatus: Mexico (Nayarit)

exoristus: Mexico (Michoacan); Type locality: Mexico, Michoacan, Rancho Santa Ana, 4 km (by road) NE San Salvador, 600 m elevation.

lividus: Mexico (Michoacan); Type locality: Mexico, Michoacan, Maruata, 18° 17’ N, 103° 20’ W, 0 m elvation (sea level).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: USNM 32306 (fide USNM type catalog); former syntypes: USNM 24937-40, 32299-32314
Holotype: UMMZ 119338 [exoristus]
Holotype: UMMZ 119472 [lividus]
Holotype: lost (was: College of Puget Sound, Museum of Natural History 7547; PSM) M. L. Johnson and T. H. Lewis; 19 March 1954. The holotype is now lost (fide Maslin & Secoy 1986) [duodecemlineatus] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSubspecies after LINER 1994.

Nomenclature: note that the original spelling by COPE 1878 had two “t”.

Distribution: Not in Puebla fide Woolrich-Piña 2018.

Subspecies: Raya-García et al. 2022 investigated the phylogenetics and diversity of the Aspidoscelis lineattissimus complex and found three well-differentiated lineages as independent evolutionary units, corresponding to A. l. exoristus, A. l. lineattissimus + A. l. lividus and A. l. duodecemlineatus. While lineattissimus + lividus cluster together, Raya-García do not propose any taxonomic changes or to synonymize the two. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin lineattissimus, superlative of Latin lineatus, lined. [“... black, with ten or eleven pale bands...”].

A. l. duodecemlineatus was named after Latin duodecim, twelve + Latin lineatus, lined. ["...12 light-colored, thin, sharply demarcated lines in the dorsal-lateral pattern…"].

A. l. exoristus was named after Greek exoristos (ἐξόριστος), expelled, banished. ["...From the Greek ἐξόριστος, exiled; here used in allusion to the isolated position of this population in the Tepalcatepec Valley…."].

A. l. lividus was named after Latin lividus, livid, slate-colored. ["...Latin, lividus, bluish or to become blue; here alluding to the bluish color of the feet and flanks of adults of this form…"]. 
References
  • CASTIGLIA,RICCARDO; FLAVIA ANNESI, ALEXANDRA M.R. BEZERRA, ANDRÉS GARCÍA & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2010. Cytotaxonomy and DNA taxonomy of lizards (Squamata, Sauria) from a tropical dry forest in the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve on the coast of Jalisco, Mexico. Zootaxa 2508: 1–29 - get paper here
  • Castro-Franco, R. & Guadalupe Bustos Zagal, M. 2004. Additional records and range extensions of reptiles from Morelos, México. Herpetological Review 35 (2): 196-197 - get paper here
  • Cobarrubias, Edgar Flores; Daniel Cruz-Sáenz, and David Lazcano 2012. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Western Mexico 6: Amphibians and Reptiles of Hostotipaquillo, Jalisco, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 47 (2):21-26 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1878. Tenth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 17: 85-98 [1877] - get paper here
  • Cruz-Sáenz, Daniel, Ángeles Penilla-Juarez and David Lazcano. 2013. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Western Mexico 10: Herpetofauna of the Protected Natural Area “Estero El Salado” and Adjacent Areas in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 48 (9):117-119 - get paper here
  • Cupul-Magaña, Fabio Germán, Frank Mc Cann, Armando H. Escobedo-Galván and Julio C. Estrada-Álvarez. 2016. Aspidoscelis lineattisima (Cope, 1878). Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 482-483 - get paper here
  • García, A. & Ceballos, G. 1994. GUIA DE CAMPO DE LOS REPTILES Y ANFIBIOS DE LA COSTA DE JALISCO, MEXICO. FUNDACION ECOLOGICA DE CUIXMALA, A.C. INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA, UNAM - get paper here
  • Güizado-Rodríguez, Martha A. and Gustavo Casas-Andreu 2011. Facultative Specialization in the Diet of the Twelve-lined Whiptail, Aspidoscelis lineatissima. Journal of Herpetology 45 (3): 287-290. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Hartweg, N.; Oliver, J. 1937. A contribution to the herpetology of the isthmus of Tehuantepec II. The Teiids of the Pacific slope. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (359): 1-8 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the herpetofauna of Morelos, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 941: 121-144 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here
  • Lewis, Thomas H. 1956. A new lizard of the genus Cnemidophorus from Nayarit. Natural History Miscellanea (156): 1-5
  • Loc-Barragán JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA, Lemos-Espinal JA 2024. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nayarit, Mexico with conservation status and comparison with adjoining States. Herpetozoa 37: 25-42 - get paper here
  • Loc-Barragán, J. A. 2024. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico 6: Amphibians and Reptiles of the Municipality of Bahía de Banderas. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 59(5), 65-74
  • Maslin, T. & Secoy, D.M. 1986. A checklist of the lizard genus Cnemidophorus (Teiidae). Contr. Zool. Univ. Colorado Mus. 1: 1-60
  • Pyron, R. Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2013. Early origin of viviparity and multiple reversions to oviparity in squamate reptiles. Ecology Letters 17 (1): 13–21 (published online 2013, in print 2014), DOI: 10.1111/ele.12168 - get paper here
  • RAYA-GARCÍA, ERNESTO; IRERI SUAZO-ORTUÑO, ANA BERENICE GARCÍA-ANDRADE, MARÍA GLORIA SOLÍS-GUZMÁN & RODOLFO PÉREZ-RODRÍGUEZ. 2022. Assessing evolutionary history and species boundaries in a polymorphic tropical lizard, the Aspidoscelis lineattissimus species complex (Squamata, Teiidae). Zoologica Scripta 51(5): 533–549. - get paper here
  • REEDER, T.W.; CHARLES J. COLE AND HERBERT C. DESSAUER 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of Whiptail Lizards of the Genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): A Test of Monophyly, Reevaluation of Karyotypic Evolution, and Review of Hybrid Origins. American Museum Novitates 3365: 1-64 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P.;Shannon, Frederick A. 1947. Notes on amphibians and reptiles of Michoacan, Mexico. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 31 (9): 63-85
  • Smith, H.M. & Taylor,E.H. 1950. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 199: 1-253 - get paper here
  • Tucker, Derek B.; Guarino R. Colli, Lilian G. Giugliano, S. Blair Hedges, Catriona R. Hendry, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. Lemmon, Jack W. Sites Jr., R. Alexander Pyron 2016. Methodological congruence in phylogenomic analyses with morphological support for teiid lizards (Sauria: Teiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 103: 75-84 - get paper here
  • Walker, J M; 2019. Aspidoscelis lineattissimus duodecemlineatus (Twelve-lined Whiptail) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 50 (2): 366-367 - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A, Paulino Ponce-Campos, Jesús Loc-Barragán, Juan Pablo Ramírez-Silva, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson, Elí García-Padilla and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Nayarit, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (2): 376-448 - get paper here
 
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