Aspidoscelis inornatus (BAIRD, 1859)
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Aspidoscelis inornatus
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| Higher Taxa | Teiidae, Teiinae, Gymnophthalmoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | Aspidoscelis inornatus arizonae (VAN DENBURGH 1896) Aspidoscelis inornatus chihuahuae (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Aspidoscelis inornatus cienegae (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Aspidoscelis inornatus gypsi (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Aspidoscelis inornatus heptagrammus (AXTELL 1961) Aspidoscelis inornatus juniperus (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Aspidoscelis inornatus llanuras (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Aspidoscelis inornatus inornatus (BAIRD 1859) Aspidoscelis inornatus octolineatus (BAIRD 1859) Aspidoscelis inornatus paululus (WILLIAMS 1968) |
| Common Names | E: Little Striped Whiptail arizonae: Arizona Striped Whiptail gypsi: Little White Whiptail heptagrammus: Trans-Pecos Striped Whiptail juniperus: Woodland Striped Whiptail llanuras: Plains Striped Whiptail neavesi: Neaves' Whiptail Lizard S: Huico Liso |
| Synonym | Cnemidophorus inornatus BAIRD 1859: 255 Cnemidophorus inornatus — GÜNTHER 1885: 29 Cnemidophorus inornatus — GADOW 1906: 373 Cnemidophorus perplexus VAN DENBURGH 1922: 495 (non BAIRD & GIRARD) Cnemidophorus gularis velox SPRINGER 1928: 102 Cnemidophorus inornatus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 184 Cnemidophorus inornatus — STEBBINS 1985: 154 Cnemidophorus inornatus inornatus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986 Cnemidophorus inornatus — LINER 1994 Aspidoscelis inornata — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornata — COLE et al. 2010 Aspidoscelis inornatus — PYRON & BURBRINK 2013 Aspidoscelis inornata — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015 Aspidoscelis inornatus arizonae (VAN DENBURGH 1896) Cnemidophorus arizonae VAN DENBURGH 1896: 344 Cnemidophorus arizonae — VAN DENBURGH 1913 Cnemidophorus inornatus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 184 Cnemidophorus inornatus arizonae — WRIGHT & LOWE 1965 Cnemidophorus inornatus arizonae — MASLIN & SECOY 1986 Cnemidophorus inornatus arizonae — WRIGHT & LOWE 1993: 137 Cnemidophorus arizonae — CROTHER 2000 Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis arizonae — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae — COLE et al. 2010 Aspidoscelis arizonae — JONES & LOVICH 2009 Aspidoscelis arizonae — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015 Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae — CROTHER et al. 2017 Aspidoscelis arizonae — BARLEY et al. 2021 Aspidoscelis arizonae — BEZY 2021 Aspidoscelis inornatus chihuahuae (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Cnemidophorus inornatus chihuahuae WRIGHT & LOWE 1993: 137 Aspidoscelis inornata chihuahuae — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornata chihuahuae — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Aspidoscelis arizonae chihuahuae — BARLEY et al. 2021 Aspidoscelis inornatus cienegae (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Cnemidophorus inornatus cienegae WRIGHT & LOWE 1993: 139 Aspidoscelis inornata cienegae — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornata cienegae — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Aspidoscelis inornata cienegae — GARCÍA-VÁZQUEZ et al. 2019 Aspidoscelis arizonae cienegae — BARLEY et al. 2021 Aspidoscelis inornatus gypsi (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Cnemidophorus inornatus gypsi WRIGHT & LOWE 1993: 140 Cnemidophorus gypsi — CROTHER 2000 Aspidoscelis inornata gypsi — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis gypsi — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Aspidoscelis inornata gypsi — CROTHER et al. 2012 Aspidoscelis gypsi — JONES & LOVICH 2009 Aspidoscelis gypsi — LEMOS-ESPINAL 2015 Aspidoscelis arizonae gypsi — BARLEY et al. 2021 Aspidoscelis inornatus heptagrammus (AXTELL 1961) Cnemidophorus inornatus heptagrammus AXTELL 1961: 151 Cnemidophorus inornatus heptagrammus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986 Cnemidophorus inornatus heptagrammus — TANNER 1987 Cnemidophorus inornatus heptagrammus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 123 Cnemidophorus inornatus heptagrammus — CROTHER 2000 Cnemidophorus inornatus heptogrammus — DIXON 2000 Aspidoscelis inornata heptagramma — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornata heptagramma — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Cnemidophorus inornatus heptagrammus — AKERET 2010 Aspidoscelis inornata heptagramma — CROTHER et al. 2012 Aspidoscelis arizonae heptagrammus — BARLEY et al. 2021 Aspidoscelis inornatus heptagrammus — LIEB 2023 Aspidoscelis inornatus juniperus (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Cnemidophorus inornatus juniperus WRIGHT & LOWE 1993: 146 Aspidoscelis inornata juniperus — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornata junipera — COLLINS & TAGGART 2012 Aspidoscelis inornata junipera — CROTHER et al. 2012 Aspidoscelis arizonae juniperus — BARLEY et al. 2021 Aspidoscelis inornatus llanuras (WRIGHT & LOWE 1993) Cnemidophorus inornatus llanuras WRIGHT & LOWE 1993: 148 Aspidoscelis inornata llanuras — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornata llanuras — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 Aspidoscelis inornata llanuras — CROTHER et al. 2012 Aspidoscelis arizonae llanuras — BARLEY et al. 2021 Aspidoscelis inornatus inornatus (BAIRD 1859) Cnemidophorus inornatus BAIRD 1858 Cnemidophorus inornatus inornatus — WRIGHT & LOWE 1993: 143 Aspidoscelis inornata inornata — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornatus octolineatus (BAIRD 1859) Cnemidophorus octolineatus BAIRD 1859: 255 Cnemidophorus octolineatus — GADOW 1906: 373 Cnemidophorus octolineatus — SMITH 1939 Cnemidophorus gularis octolineatus — SMITH 1946 Cnemidophorus octolineatus — SCHMIDT & OWENS 1944 Cnemidophorus gularis octolineatus — JAMESON & FLURY 1949 Aspidoscelis inornata octolineata — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornatus paululus (WILLIAMS 1968) Cnemidophorus inornatus paululus WILLIAMS 1968: 21 Cnemidophorus inornatus paululus — MASLIN & SECOY 1986 Cnemidophorus inornatus paululus WRIGHT & LOWE 1993: 151 Aspidoscelis inornata paulula — REEDER et al. 2002 Aspidoscelis inornata paulula — LINER & CASAS-ANDREU 2008 |
| Distribution | USA (Arizona, New Mexico, SW Texas), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, NE Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, W Nuevo Leon) Type locality: Pesquiría Grande (= García), Nuevo León (fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1950) arizonae: USA (SE Arizona); Type locality: Fairbank, Cochise County, Arizona (fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1950) chihuahuae: Mexico (Chihuahua); Type locality: 8.1 miles east of Ciudad Chihuahua,1440 meters elevevation, Chihuahua, Mexico. cienegae: Mexico (Coahuila); Type locality: 13.9 km SW of Cuatro Cienegas de Carranza, point of San Marcos Mtn., Coahuila, Mexico. gypsi: USA (New Mexico) heptagrammus: USA (W Texas, New Mexico); Mexico (Coahuila); Type locality: “30° 11’ 30" N, 103° 09' W, 5 mi ESE Marathon, Brewster County, Texas. Elevation 4,150 feet." juniperus: USA (New Mexico); Type locality: San Pedro Creek, 3 miles north and 2 miles east of San Antonio, 4550 ft, Bernalillo County, New Mexico. llanuras: USA (New Mexico); Type locality: Carthage, 4990 ft, Socorro County, New Mexico. octolineatus: Mexico (Nuevo León); Type locality: Mexico, Nuevo León, Villa de Garcia (= Pesquena Grande). paululus: Mexico (Durango); Type locality: Mexico: 10.2 mi NE Chocolate, Durango. |
| Reproduction | Oviparous. Lutes et al. (2011) report the generation of four self-sustaining clonal lineages of a tetraploid species resulting from fertilization of triploid oocytes from a parthenogenetic Aspidoscelis exsanguis with haploid sperm from Aspidoscelis inornata.<br /><br />Hybridization: Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae and A. tigris marmorata hybridized in captivity (COLE et al. 2010). A cross between Aspidoscelis exsanguis (triploid parthenogen) × Aspidoscelis inornata (diploid bisexual or gonochoristic species) resulted in a “new” species, A. neavesi. Similarly, A. priscillae is a tetraploid all-female species originated in the laboratory from hybridization between Aspidoscelis uniparens (triploid parthenogen) and Aspidoscelis inornatus (diploid bisexual species).<br /><br />Aspidoscelis neavesi COLE et al 2014 is the first known tetraploid amniote that reproduces through parthenogenetic cloning by individual females. Aspidoscelis neavesi originated through hybridization between Aspidoscelis exsanguis (triploid parthenogen) × Aspidoscelis inornata (diploid bisexual or gonochoristic species) in the laboratory. Cole et al. 2014 speculate that field-caught tetraploids may be found in the future. Similarly, Aspidoscelis priscillae COLE et al. 2017 is a tetraploid all-female species originated in the laboratory from hybridization between Aspidoscelis uniparens (triploid parthenogen) and Aspidoscelis inornatus (diploid bisexual species). Given that these “species” have not been found in nature, we do not list them as regular species for the time being. |
| Types | Holotype: USNM 3032 (fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1950); Burger (1950) designated a lectotype, corrected by WRIGHT & LOWE 1993 to USNM 3032A. Holotype: CAS 2631 (originally CAS-SUR 2631 = Stanford Univ. 2631, fide SMITH & TAYLOR 1950) [arizonae] Holotype: UAZ (Univ Arizona Zoology) 5495 [chihuahuae] Holotype: CM 43196 [cienegae] Holotype: UAZ (University of Arizona, Departmentof Zoology) No. 16187 [gypsi] Holotype: private collection, RWA 1758, adult male [heptagrammus] Holotype: MSB (Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico) 5026 [juniperus] Holotype: MSB (Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico) 10357 [llanuras] Holotype: USNM 3009, adult male [octolineata] Holotype: INHS (= UIMNH) 50988, K. L. Williams and P. S. Charpliwy; July 16, 1958 [paululus] Holotype: USNM 3060 [perplexus] Holotype. MCZ R-194296; see A. uniparens for more type information [priscillae] Holotype. MCZ R-192219; see A. exsanguinis for more type information [neavesi] |
| Diagnosis | |
| Comment | Synonymy: Milstead 1957 suggested to synonymize Cnemidophorus perplexus with C. inornatus, based on the continuous variation of characters between the two forms. Maslin & secoy 1986 list octolineatus as a synonym of C. inornatus inornatus. However, Reeder et al. 2002 list it as valid subspecies. Subspecies: Wright & Lowe (1993) described five new U. S. races of this lizard, arizonae, gypsi, and pai (all allopatric), and juniperus and llanuras (both parapatric). Walker et al. (1996) proposed synonymizing the races juniperus and llanuras. Collins (1997), presented the conclusions of Wright & Lowe (1993) and Walker et al. (1997) to lizard systematist group, composed of Robert Bezy, Charles J. Cole, Darrel Arnold Kluge, Jimmy McGuire, Richard Montanucci, Robert Powell, and John Wiens, and the majority of those individuals responding recommended juniperus and llanuras not be recognized, and that arizonae, gypsi, and pai all be considered distinct species. Collins (1997) followed those recommendations. de Queiroz et al. in Crother (2017) considered the subspecies A. i. junipera and A. i. llanura to be junior synonyms of A. i. heptagramma. [from: http://eagle.cc.ukans.edu/~cnaar/lacertilia.html]. However, Reeder et al. (2002) considered arizonae, gypsi, juniperus and llanurus as subspecies of C. inornata. Sullivan et al. (2013) found that A. arizonae as indistinguishable from A. i. llanuras and concluded that either A. arizonae is a cryptic species or a peripheral isolate unworthy of species status. Rosenblum & Burkett (in Lovich & Jones 2009) state that gypsi and inornata are not distinguishable based on available genetic data. Key: Wright & Lowe 1993: 154 provide a key to the subspecies of inornatus (or what was considered subspecies at the time), namely inornatus, arizonae, chihuahuae, cienegae, gypsi, heptagrammus, juniperus, llanuras, paululus, and what they call the octolineate type (but listed as inornatus). |
| Etymology | The specific epithet is derived from the Latin words in- , meaning "without or not" and ornatus, meaning "ornate or adorned," in reference to the original description of an unstriped population. A. priscillae, a noun in the genitive singular case, honors Priscilla W. Neaves, who participated equally with WBN in the capture of all whiptail lizards in the 1960s that contributed early insights into the molecular genetics, origins, and speciation of parthenogens through hybridization (Neaves and Gerald, 1968, 1969; Neaves, 1969, 1971). During the first decade of the 2000s, she also participated in capturing A. inornatus and A. uniparens in New Mexico for the laboratory hybridization project that produced most of the tetraploid lineages described in Cole et al. 2017. A. neavesi, a noun in the genitive singular case, honors Dr. William B. Neaves, who was awarded a Ph.D. at Harvard University. Dr. Neaves’ graduate studies on unisexual whiptail lizards (Neaves and Gerald, 1968, 1969; Neaves, 1969, 1971) provided important early insights into the molecular genetics, origins, and speciation of parthenogens through hybridization, as well as the origin of a tetraploid hybrid lizard of A. exsanguis X A. inornata that he discovered in the field in Alamogordo, Otero County, New Mexico, which was the inspiration for the present laboratory hybridization project. A.i. arizonae was named after its type locality. A.i. chihuahuae was named after its type locality. A.i. cienegae was named after its type locality. A.i. gypsi: A.i. heptagrammus: A.i. juniperus appears to have been named after the junipers, trees and shrubs or the genus Juniperus that apparently occurs in the range of this subspecies. A.i. llanuras was apparently named after the plains (Spanish “llanuras”) in which this taxon occurs. A.i. octolineatus was named after the 8 (”ocoto”) lines on its body. A.i. paululus (WILLIAMS 1968) |
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