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Atractaspis engaddensis HAAS, 1950

IUCN Red List - Atractaspis engaddensis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAtractaspididae (Atractaspidinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Israeli Mole Viper 
SynonymAtractaspis engaddensis HAAS 1950
Atractaspis engaddensis — SCHMIDT & MARX 1956: 36
Atractaspis microlepidota engaddensis LEVITON & ALDRICH 1984
Atractaspis microlepidota engaddensis — GASPERETTI 1988: 284
Atractaspis engaddensis — LEVITON et al. 1992: 109
Atractaspis engaddensis — WELCH 1994: 23
Atractaspis engaddensis — VENCHI & SINDACO 2006
Atractaspis engaddensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 65
Atractaspis microlepidota engaddensis — ALSHAMMARI & IBRAHIM 2016
Atractaspis engaddensis — BAR et al. 2021 
DistributionIsrael, Palestine (West Bank), Egypt (Sinai), Jordan, SW/C Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia

Type locality: “En-Geddi on the western side of the Dead Sea”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: HUJ (Hebrew University), paraypes: Hebrew University 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dorsal scales in 27-29 rows at midbody; ventrals 264-282; subcaudals 32-40; nasal divided in lower half only. (Leviton et al. 1992)


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CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: Possible junior synonym of A. microlepidota andersonii Boulenger 1905 (ARNOLD 1980).

Diet: rodents (75%), lizards 15% (Geckos and worm lizards), small snakes (7%) and unidentified materials (3%) (Al-Sadoon et al. 2020).

Distribution: For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013 and Bar et al. 2021. 
Etymologynamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Al-Quran, S. 2009. The Herpetofauna of the Southern Jordan. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 6 (4): 385-391 [this journal has a dubious record, see http://goo.gl/81SBPv]
  • Al-Sadoon, Mohammed Khalid; Bilal Ahamad Paray, Hassan A. Rudayni, Abdul Rahman Al-Mfarij, Mohammed Fahad Albeshr 2020. Seasonal food composition of a mole viper, Atractaspis engaddensis haas, 1950 from natural habitats of an arid arabian desert. Journal of King Saud University - Science, - get paper here
  • Albaba I 2016. The herpetofauna of Palestine: A preliminary checklist. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 4(4): 123-128 [note: this appears to be a predatory journal with little if any peer review] - get paper here
  • Aloufi, Abdulhadi A.; Zuhair S. Amr, Mohammad A. Abu Baker 2021. Reptiles and Amphibians of Al Madinah Al Munawwarah Province, Saudi Arabia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 28 (3): 1 - get paper here
  • Alshammari, A. M. and Busais, S. M. 2020. Distribution of snakes in Ha’il Province, Saudi Arabia, with an identification key to the species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27 (1): 5-10. - get paper here
  • ALSHAMMARI, AHMED M. AND ADEL A. IBRAHIM 2015. LIZARDS AND SNAKES IN THE HISTORICAL FAID PROTECTED AREA (FAID HEMA), HA'IL REGION, SAUDI ARABIA. Herp. Cons. Biol. 10 (3):1021–1029 - get paper here
  • Alshammari, Ahmed M. and Adel A. Ibrahim 2015. Lizards and Snakes in the Historical Faid Protected Area (Faid Hema), Ha'il Region, Saudi Arabia. Herp. Cons. Biol. 10 (3) - get paper here
  • Alshammari, Ahmed Mohajja; Salem M. Busais, Abdel A. Ibrahim 2017. Snakes in the Province of Ha’il, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including two new records. Herpetozoa 30 (1/2): 59 - 63 - get paper here
  • Arnold E N 1980. The scientific results of the Oman flora and fauna survey 1977 (Dhofar). The reptiles and amphibians of Dhofar, southern Arabia. JOURNAL OF OMAN STUDIES SPECIAL REPORT (No. 2): 273-332 - get paper here
  • Bar, A., Haimovitch, G. and Meiri, S. 2021. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Israel. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main. ISBN 9783-89973-120-0 - get paper here
  • Bar, Aviad and Guy Haimovitch 2012. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Israel. Pazbar LTD, 246 pp. - get paper here
  • Corkill, N. L. and Cochrane, J. A. 1966. The snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 62 (3): 475-506 (1965) - get paper here
  • Disi, A.M.; Modry, D.; Nečas, P. & Rifai, L. 2001. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 408 pp.
  • Egan, D. 2007. Snakes of Arabia. Motivate Publishing, Dubai, 208 pp.
  • Gasperetti,J. 1988. Snakes of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 9: 169-450
  • Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Golani, I. & E. Kochva 1988. Striking and Other Offensive and Defensive Behavior Patterns in Atractaspis engaddensis (Ophidia, Atractaspididae) Copeia 1988 (3): 792-797. - get paper here
  • Golani, Ilan & Elazar Kochva 1991. Literature: Strinking and other offensive and defensive behaviour patterns in Atractaspis engaddensis (Ophidia, atractaspididae). Litteratura Serpentium 11 (5): 117 - get paper here
  • Goldberg, S. R., et al. 2017. Atractaspis engaddensis (Israeli Mole Viper) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 48 (2): 444-445 - get paper here
  • Haas, Georg 1950. A new Atractaspis (mole viper) from Palestine. Copeia 1950 (1): 52-53 - get paper here
  • Kochva, E. & I. Golani 1993. Tail Display in Atractaspis engaddensis (Atractaspididae, Serpentes) Copeia 1993 (1): 226-228. - get paper here
  • Leviton,A.E.; Anderson,S.C.; Adler, K.; Minton,S.A. 1992. Handbook to Middle East Amphibians and Reptiles. SSAR, Oxford, Ohio (Contr. to Herpetol. No. 8), 1-252
  • Marx, J. 2006. Mast cells defang snake and bee venom. Science 313: 427 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Amos Belmaker, Daniel Berkowic, Kesem Kazes, Erez Maza, Guy Bar-Oz and Roi Dor 2019. A checklist of Israeli land vertebrates. Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution - get paper here
  • Modrý, P., Rifai, L., Abu Baker, M. & Amr, Z. 2004. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Denisia 14 (Neue Serie 2): 407-420 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Pola, L., Hejduk, V., Winkelhöfer, T., Zíka, A., Baker, M. A. A., & Amr, Z. S. 2020. Recent Observations on Amphibians and Reptiles in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Jordan Journal of Natural History, 7: 11-29 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. P. & Marx, H. 1956. The herpetology of Sinai. Fieldiana 39 (4): 21-40 - get paper here
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 2020. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Bloomsbury, London, 336 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Venchi, Alberto and Roberto Sindaco 2006. Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 -Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova, XCVIII: 259-364
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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