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Atractaspis congica PETERS, 1877

IUCN Red List - Atractaspis congica - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAtractaspididae (Atractaspidinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesAtractaspis congica congica PETERS 1877
Atractaspis congica leleupi LAURENT 1950
Atractaspis congica orientalis LAURENT 1945 
Common NamesE: Congo Stiletto Snake
orientalis: Eastern Congo Burrowing Asp 
SynonymAtractaspis congica PETERS 1877: 616
Atractaspis congica congica — LAURENT 1945: 329
Atractaspis congica congica — LAURENT 1950: 26
Atractaspis congica congica — HELLMICH 1957
Atractaspis congica congica — PERRET 1961
Atractaspis congica — WELCH 1994: 23
Atractaspis congica — TRAPE & ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995: 42
Atractaspis congica — BROADLEY et al. 2003: 83
Atractaspis congica — WALLACH et al. 2014: 63
Atractaspis congica congica — RÖDEL et al. 2019
Atractaspis congica — PIETERSEN et al. 2021

Atractaspis congica orientalis LAURENT 1945: 330
Atractaspis congica orientalis — LAURENT 1958: 126
Atractaspis congica orientalis — AUERBACH 1987: 180
Atractaspis congica orientalis — BROADLEY 1991: 527
Atractaspis congica orientalis — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007

Atractaspis congica leleupi LAURENT 1950: 351
Atractaspis leleupi — BROADLEY & COTTERILL 2004
Atractaspis congica leleupi — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007
Atractaspis leleupi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 65 
DistributionNE Namibia (Caprivi Strip), Angola, Zambia, W/S, E? Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Congo (Brazzaville), Cameroon

congica: Cameroon, N Angola, Zaire. Type locality: “Chinchoxo, Cabinda”

leleupi: Zaire = Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kundelungu Mountains, Katanga); Type locality: "Station d'etudes des l'IRSAC sur le massif des Kundelungu (1,750 m.), Champ de termitieres" [= Katanga Prov., SE Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Emended to Station d'etudes de la Seram, plateau des Kundelungu, Haut Katanga (fide Laurent 1956: 310).

orientalis: Zaire (Katanga), Zambia (Abercorn). Type locality: “Sandoa (Lualaba)”

 
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 8644
Holotype: RMCA (= MRAC = RGMC) 18700, female [leleupi]
Holotype: RMCA 7930, male (= MRAC) (Musée du Congo Belge) [orientalis] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2500 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: not in Botswana or Zimbabwe (BROADLEY & BLAYLOCK 2013). 
EtymologyPresumably named after the type locality, the Congo.

A. c. leleupi was named after the collector of the types, N. Leleup.

A. c. orientalis was named after the Latin orientalis (eastern), in reference to the distribution. 
References
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Bauer, A.M.; Günther,R. & Klipfel,M. 1995. The herpetological contributions of Wilhelm C.H. Peters (1815-1883). SSAR Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, 714 pp.
  • Bittencourt-Silva GB. 2019. Herpetological survey of western Zambia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [Special Section]: 1-28 (e181) - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1991. The Herpetofauna of Northern Mwinilunga Distr., Northw. Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (37): 519-538
  • Broadley, D.G.; Doria, C.T. & Wigge, J. 2003. Snakes of Zambia. An Atlas and Field Guide. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 280 pp. [review in Sauria 26 (3): 21]
  • Broadley, Donald G. and F. P. D. Cotterill. 2004. The reptiles of southeast Katanga, an overlooked 'hot spot'. [Congo]. African Journal of Herpetology 53 (1): 35-61. - get paper here
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. & Lebreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. MNHN, IRD, Paris 688 pp.
  • Conradie W and Branch WR. 2016. The herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and lower Cuando river catchments of south-eastern Angola. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 10 (2) [Special Section]: 6–36 - get paper here
  • CONRADIE, WERNER; NINDA L. BAPTISTA, LUKE VERBURGT, CHAD KEATES, JAMES HARVEY, TIMOTEO JULIO & GOTZ NEEF. 2021. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Angolan Okavango-Cuando-Zambezi river drainages. Part 1: Serpentes (snakes). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2): 244–278. - get paper here
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Hellmich, W. 1957. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in Angola. Veröff. Zool. Staatssammlung München 5: 1-91 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 1983. African snake faunas. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 34: 311-356 - get paper here
  • Laurent, R.F. 1945. Contribution a la connaissance du Genre Atractaspis A. Smith. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 38: 312-343
  • Laurent, R.F. 1950. Revision du genre Atractaspis A. SMITH. Mem. Inst. Roy. nat. Belg. (2) 38: 1-49
  • Laurent, R.F. 1958. Notes herpétologiques africaines II. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 58 (1–2): 115–128
  • Laurent,R.F. 1950. Reptiles nouveaux des Kundelungu. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. (Bruxelles) 43 (4): 349-352
  • Lobón-Rovira, Javier; Ninda L. Baptista, Tyron Clark, Luke Verburgt, Greg Jongsma, Werner Conradie, Luis Veríssimo & Pedro Vaz Pinto (0 Jan 2025. Filling the gaps: herpetological checklist of Mayombe National Park and Cabinda Province (Angola) shed light on one of the most unexplored corners of tropical Central Africa, African Journal of Herpetology, - get paper here
  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • Massimo Capalbo 2024. The World's Most Dangerous Snakes - Volume I: From the fast-lightning Black Mamba to the insidious Hook-nosed Sea Snake, through the formidable Coastal Taipan. Privately published, 252 pp. - get paper here
  • Perret, J.L. 1961. Études herpétologiques africaines III. 1. La faune ophidienne de la région camerounaise. Bull. Soc. neuchâtel. Sci. nat., 84: 133-138
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1877. Übersicht der Amphibien aus Chinchoxo (Westafrika), welche von der Africanischen Gesellschaft dem Berliner zoologischen Museum übergeben sind. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1877 (October): 611-620 - get paper here
  • Pietersen, Darren, Verburgt, Luke & Davies, John 2021. Snakes and other reptiles of Zambia and Malawi. Struik Nature / Penguin Random House South Africa, 376 pp., ISBN 9781775847373
  • Rödel M, Kucharzewski C, Mahlow K, Chirio L, Pauwels OSG, Carlino P, Sambolah G, Glos J 2019. A new stiletto snake (Lamprophiidae, Atractaspidinae, Atractaspis) from Liberia and Guinea, West Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95(1): 107-123 - get paper here
  • SANTOS, B. S. .,MARQUES, M. P. ., BAUER, A. M. ., & CERÍACO, L. M. P. . 2021. Herpetological results of Francisco Newton’s Zoological Expedition to Angola (1903–1906): a taxonomic revision and new records of a forgotten collection. Zootaxa 5028 (1): 1–80 - get paper here
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2020. Reptiles of Namibia. Kuiseb Publishers, Windhoek, Namibia, 271 pp.
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 2020. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Bloomsbury, London, 336 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995. Les serpents du Congo: liste commentée et clé de détermination. Journal of African Zoology 109 (1): 31-50
  • Wagner, Philipp; Esther Townsend, Michael Barej, Dennis Rödder, Stephen Spawls 2009. First record of human envenomation by Atractaspis congica Peters, 1877 (Squamata: Atractaspididae). Toxicon 54: 368–372 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Witte, G. F. de 1933. Reptiles récoltés au Conge Belge par le Dr. H. Schouteden et par M. G.-F. Witte. Ann. Mus. Conge belge Zool. Ser. 1 Tome III: 53-100.
 
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