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Atractus gaigeae (SAVAGE, 1955)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Gaige's Ground Snake 
SynonymRhabdosoma maculatum BOCOURT 1883: 540 (in part)
Atractus bocourti — BOULENGER 1896: 645 (in part)
Atractus gaigeae SAVAGE 1955
Atractus gaigeae — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 29
Atractus collaris gaigeae — DIXON & SOINI 1977: 34
Atractus gaigeae — CARILLO & ICOCHEA 1995
Atractus gaigeae — PASSOS et al. 2007
Atractus gaigeae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 73 
DistributionEcuador (Amazonas)

Type locality: Santiago-Zaruma or Morona-Chinchipe Provinces, Ecuador.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: UMMZ 82887, adult male, collected by Clarence Altenberg and Bancroft G. Buttler on 1935 without a precise location in the province of Zamora-Chinchipe (formerly Santiago-Zamora), Ecuador. Paratypes: All specimens from the provinces of Napo and Pastaza, Ecuador: male (AMNH 35891) from a locality between Baños (01°25’S, 78°33’W) and Canelos; female (CAS-SU 15619) and male (CAS-SU 15620) from Canelos (01°35’S, 77°45’W; ca. 490 m); male (CAS-SU 15621) from headwaters of Bobonaza River (01°28’S, 53°40’W; ca. 250 m); male MEPN (also as EPN) 8693 (formerly EPN 48) from Bobonaza River, Sarayacu (01°44’S, 77°29’W; ca. 400 m); and EPN female 5272 (formerly EPN 46) from Bobonaza River, Chichirota (02°32’S; 76°39’W; ca. 250 m).
Lectotype: ZMB [Rhabdosoma maculatum] 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS: A form most closely resembling A. collaris of Ecuador and Perú and, to a lesser extent, ecuadorensis, occidentalis, and dunni. Distinct from these forms and all other Ecuadorian Atractus in: (1) 17 scale rows; (2) loreal long; (3) teeth on maxillary five or six; (4) ventrals in males, 187-198 (191); in females, 207-213 (210); and (5) pattern of seven dark stripes and two rows of regularly arranged dark spots [from SAVAGE 1960].


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CommentSynonymy: fide Passos et al. 2018. Has been synonymized with A. collaris by DIXON & SOINI 1986. Dixon & Soini (1977) pointed out that the material they studied from Santa Maria (from Iquitos region of Peru) was “intermediary between A. collaris and A. gaigeae” and considered the latter taxon a subspecies of the former species.

Distribution: see map in Passos et al. 2018: 513 (Fig. 12). Has been erroneously reported from Peru by Carrillo & Icochea (1995) and Pitman et al. (2011) in their lists of reptiles from Peru. 
EtymologyNamed after Helen Beulah Thompson Gaige (1890-1976), American herpetologist at the University of Michigan. See Bell et al. 2021 for biographical data. 
References
  • Bell, R., Arce H, M., Franklin, M., Roa-Varon, A., & Wehrle, B. A. 2021. Helen Thompson Gaige. Ichthyology & Herpetology, 109(1): 322
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Dixon, J. R.; Soini, P. 1977. The reptiles of the upper Amazon basin, Iquitos region, Peru, Part 2: crocodilians, turtles and snakes. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 4: 59-154 [1986?] - get paper here
  • Passos, P., R. Fernandes and Borges-Nojosa, D.M. 2007. A New Species of Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) from a Relictual Forest in Northeastern Brazil. Copeia 2007 (4): 788–797 - get paper here
  • PASSOS, PAULO; ANA L. C. PRUDENTE, LUCIANA O. RAMOS, JOSÉ RANCES CAICEDO-PORTILLA, JOHN D. LYNCH 2018. Species delimitations in the Atractus collaris complex (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zootaxa 4392 (3): 491–520 - get paper here
  • Pitman, Nigel et al. (eds). 2011. Perú: Yaguas-Cotuhé. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 23. The Field Museum, Chicago - get paper here
  • Prudente, Ana L.C and Paulo Passos 2008. New Species of Atractus Wagler, 1828 (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) from Guyana Plateau in Northern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 42 (4): 723 - get paper here
  • Savage, Jay M. 1955. Descriptions of new colubrid snakes, genus Atractus, from Ecuador. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 68: 11-20 - get paper here
  • Savage,J.M. 1960. A revision of the Ecuadorian snakes of the colubrid genus Atractus. Misc. Publ. Zool. Univ. Michigan 112: 1-86 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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