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Atractus pantostictus FERNANDES & PUORTO, 1993

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Cobra-da-Terra, Fura-Terra 
SynonymAtractus pantostictus FERNANDES & PUORTO 1993
Atractus guentheri – PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970:29. (part)
Atractus pantostictus — PASSOS et al. 2005
Atractus pantostictus — PASSOS et al. 2007
Atractus pantostictus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 78
Atractus pantostictus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Tocantins, São Paulo)

Type locality: municipality of Franco da Rocha (23º20’S, 46º43’W, ca. 800 m), state of São Paulo, Brazil  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: IBSP (= IB) 54844 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Atractus pantostictus is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) 17 smooth dorsal scale rows at midbody; (2) two postoculars; (3) moderate loreal; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting chinshields; (6) usually seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; (7) six to eight maxillary teeth; (8) three gular scale rows; (9) usually three preventrals; (10) 154–170 ventrals in females, 145–166 in males; (11) 19–28 subcaudals in females, 22–33 in males; (12) dorsal ground colour creamish yellow to brown uniformly scattered with small black dots; (13) venter immaculate creamish white; (14) moderate body size, females reaching 390 mm SVL, males 322 mm SVL; (15) tail short to moderate in females (6.4–13.2% SVL) and short to long (8.0–17.6% SVL) in males; (16) hemipenis slightly bilobed, slightly semicapitate, and semicalyculate [from PASSOS et al. 2010]. 
CommentCan be confused with A. guentheri. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek pantostiktos (παντόστικτος), spotted all over; from Greek pantose (πάντοσε), every way, in all directions + Greek stiktos (στικτός), punctured, spotted. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • BARBO, F. E.; MARQUES, O. A. V. & SAWAYA, R. J. 2011. Diversity, Natural History and Distribution of Snakes in the Municipality of São Paulo. South American J. Herp. 6: 135-160
  • Cacciali, P.; Villalba, R. & Yanosky, A.A. 2007. A NEW SPECIES OF ATRACTUS (SERPENTES:COLUBRIDAE: DIPSADINAE) FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF ALTO PARANÁ, PARAGUAY. South American J. Herp. 2 (2): 83-88 - get paper here
  • Fernandes R. & Puorto G. 1993. A new species of Atractus from Brazil and the status of A. guentheri (Serpentes: Colubridae). Mem. Inst. Butantan 55 (SUPPL. 1): 7-14. - get paper here
  • Fiorillo, B. F., Maciel, J. H., & Martins, M. 2021. Composition and natural history of a snake community from the southern Cerrado, southeastern Brazil. ZooKeys 1056: 95-147 - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Daniel O. Mesquita, Cristiano C. Nogueira, and Alexandre F. B. Araújo 2008. Phylogeny and Ecology Determine Morphological Structure in a Snake Assemblage in the Central Brazilian Cerrado. Copeia 2008 (1): 23-38 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Guerra, V., Ramalho, W. P., Machado, I. F., & Brandão, R. A. 2022. Herpetofauna of the Serra do Tombador Nature Reserve, State of Goiás, Central Brazil. Arquivos de Zoologia, 53(3), 33-51 - get paper here
  • MARQUES, O. A. V.; PEREIRA, D. N.; BARBO, F.E.; GERMANO, V.J. & SAWAYA, R. J. 2009. Os Répteis do Município de São Paulo: diversidade e ecologia da fauna pretérita e atual. Biota Neotropica 9: 1-12 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Passos, P., R. Fernandes and Borges-Nojosa, D.M. 2007. A New Species of Atractus (Serpentes: Dipsadinae) from a Relictual Forest in Northeastern Brazil. Copeia 2007 (4): 788–797 - get paper here
  • Passos, P., R. Fernandes and N. Zanella 2005. A new species of Atractus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Southern Brazil. Herpetologica 61 (2): 209-218 - get paper here
  • Passos, P.; Fernandes, R.; Bernils, R.S. & Moura-Leite, J.C. de 2010. Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zootaxa 2364: 1–63 - get paper here
  • RECODER, R.S.,TEIXEIRA JUNIOR, M., CAMACHO, A., NUNES, P.M.S., MOTT, T., VALDUJO, P.H., GHELLERE, J.M., NOGUEIRA, C. & RODRIGUES, M.T. 2011. Reptiles of Serra Geral do Tocantins Ecological Station, Central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 11(1): - get paper here
  • RESENDE, FLÁVIA CAPPUCCIO & LUCIANA BARRETO NASCIMENTO. 2022. Sexual Segment of the Kidney and Testicular Activity of the Neotropical Snake Atractus pantostictus (Squamata: Dipsadidae) from Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 24(1): 11–18. - get paper here
  • Sawaya, Ricardo Jannini; Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques <br>& Marcio Martins 2008. Composition and natural history of a Cerrado snake assemblage at Itirapina, São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil Biota Neotropica 8 (2): 127-149 - get paper here
  • SOUSA, B.M., NASCIMENTO, A.E.R., GOMIDES, S.C., VARELA RIOS, C.H., HUDSON, A.H. & NOVELLI, I.A. 2010. Reptiles in fragments of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest at the Campo das Vertentes, Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10 (2): 129-138 - get paper here
  • Torello-Viera, Natália F. and Otavio A.V. Marques 2017. Daily Activity of Neotropical Dipsadid Snakes. South American J. Herp. 12 (2): 128-135. - get paper here
  • VARELA RIOS, C.H.V., NOVELLI, I.A., HUDSON, A.A., COZENDEY, P., LIMA, L.C., SOUSA, B.M. 2017. Communities and occurrences of Squamata reptiles in different vegetation types of the Serra de São José, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 17(1): e20150103 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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